【作者】 周海燕；

【导师】 吴永明；

【作者基本信息】 江西师范大学 ， 中国近现代史， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 南京国民政府师承孙中山五权宪法思想,创立了包括司法院在内的五院。司法院组织机构完善,其直属的中央司法机构最高法院、行政法院、司法行政部、公务员惩戒委员会,各司其职,共同维护国民政府统治并推进司法变革。南京国民政府司法院颁布了一系列适应现代化需要的法律法规,在促进司法独立、推进司法制度现代化建设、废除领事裁判权、更新陈旧司法观念上,付出了不懈的努力,并取得了较大成就。在中国法制现代化发展史上,南京国民政府司法院领导的司法建设,具有独特的历史价值。近代中国没有提供司法独立充足发展的土壤源,战事不断,经济衰败,以及几千年来中国帝王政治的那一套权术法则作祟,使南京国民政府司法院的运作,长期陷入司法腐败、行政干预司法、司法党化等方面无法自拔,最终异化为南京国民政府垮台的合力之一。南京国民政府的失败,从法律视角进行分析,是孙中山的追随者对五权宪法与三民主义的理解运用发生严重偏差,甚至相左,从而导致其失败的命运。南京国民政府司法院的经验教训,对于当代中国的法制改革,仍具有重要的参考价值和启迪意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 Nanjing National Government has followed the Five Powers’Charter ideal of Sun Yat-sen , established five-council system including the Judicature Department.The organization of the Judicature Department was perfect. The four parts of it,such as the Super Court ,the Executive Court,the Executive Judicature Department, the Official Reprimand Committee, each attends to his own duties, solidifys the goverment’s rule,and advances judicature transformance.To meet the need of modernization ,the Judicature Department of Nanjing National Goverment has carryed out a series of laws ,pay outs persitent efforts on the judicature independence ,the modernization of judicature constructure,abolishing consular jurisdiction,renovating obsolete judicature concept,and finally accquires some success.In the developing history of modernaization judical system in modern China ,its efforts can not be ignored.Morden China can’t provide the soil of judicature independence,for example ,lots of war,the ruin of economy ,and the imperial politicals was still haunting.Because of those complicated factors,the running of Nanjing National Government gets into some great difficulties,such as judicature corruption ,administration power interfereing judicature and the partism of judicature,which leads to the catabolizing of government power and its final failure.On the point of law ,the comperhence of Sun Yat-sen ideals in the top ruler of goverment has occurred great mistakes,which results in those endings above.To our today’s law innovation,the experience and lessons of Nanjing National Government does also have the meaning of edification.更多还原