【作者】 江帆；

【导师】 吴晓波； 赵梦恋；

【作者基本信息】 浙江大学 ， 电路与系统， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 当今,能源短缺和环境污染已经在全球范围内成为制约人类社会可持续发展的两个关键因素,寻找新能源已成为当前人类面临的迫切问题之一。太阳能作为一种全新的电能生产方式,其具有的清洁无污染、来源永不衰竭且维护措施简单等特点,受到越来越广泛的关注。论文针对太阳能应用的一个重要研究领域——光伏发电系统的发展要求,尤其是小功率光伏发电系统的特点,提出了一种基于扰动观察法的高效率最大功率点跟踪控制芯片设计。论文首先研究了光伏系统的国内外发展现状及其发展趋势,给出研究内容和设计目标。根据小功率系统中光伏电池输出功率小、对转换效率要求较高,且系统整体成本较低的特点,选择采用全模拟电路构建控制芯片,以实现扰动观察法最大功率点跟踪控制的目标。采用模拟电路搭建的控制芯片具有结构简洁,面积利用率高,且应用方便的优点。在芯片的架构设计中,论文根据系统本身拓扑所具有的特点,优化了扰动观察法最大功率点跟踪控制策略,最终在此基础上提出了系统的综合设计方案。其次,论文按照系统的设计方案,设计了包括模拟乘法器、开关电容微分器、基准电压源、电流采样器、以及振荡器等多个电路模块。特别是对信号处理核心模块乘法器和微分器设计,根据系统要求着重优化了乘法器的线性度、输入范围,和微分器的环路稳定性、建立时间。论文中,对上述这些重要电路模块在进行了原理分析的基础上,用Cadence工具进行性能仿真验证。最后,结合系统结构和电路模块,对系统仿真所需的光伏电池、功率开关管和负载铅酸蓄电池进行建模,构建了整个实际的控制器系统。在此基础上,对控制器的主要性能参数进行了仿真和结果分析。系统仿真结果表明系统工作正常,预期设计目标均已实现。更多还原

【Abstract】 In recent years, energy shortages and environment pollution have constrained sustainable development of human society. Search for new energy has been one of human facing pressing issues. Solar energy, as a new energy production, has been concerned more and more for its pollution-free, unlimited, and maintenance of simple measures. According to the requirements of developing photovoltaic power generation system, which is one of solar energy’s important research areas, a efficient photovoltaic system with P&O-based Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) was proposed in this thesis.At first, with overview of the development of modern photovoltaic power generation system, the research target and design objectives of the controller were presented. According to the features of small power PV system, such as small output power of solar cells, low system cost, and high requirement of conversion efficiency, analog circuit design is used to implement the controller. Analog IC controller features simple structure, small size of silicon, and simple application.Based on the design target of chip system, the system architecture of the controller was proposed.Then, after completing the system architecture, some key modules like analog multiplier, analog differentiator, reference voltage, current sense module, and oscillator were designed and simulated in 1.5um BCD technology. In particular, the linearity and input range of multiplier, and the stability and settling time of differentiator are all optimized for system requirement.The controller chip was completed based on the system architecture and circuit modules. Some typical characteristics of system were simulated and analyzed. The system simulation results showed all specifications of the controller were successfully achieved.更多还原