【作者】 童晨；

【导师】 何宁；

【作者基本信息】 南京航空航天大学 ， 机械制造及其自动化， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 刀具磨损区域形貌的重构对刀具磨损区域的观察和测量,以及磨损机理的研究有着重要的意义。长期以来,由于三维成像设备性能和成本的限制,刀具磨损的分析一直局限在磨损图像的观察和二维参数的分析上。本文在深入研究聚焦合成理论、方法及关键技术的基础上,设计出了基于聚焦合成的刀具磨损区域三维重构的方法,并开发了三维刀具磨损区域可视化软件。具体研究内容如下:1.提出了一种运用聚焦合成原理来重构刀具磨损区域的方法。将磨损区域从显微镜采集得到不同聚焦深度的图像序列,通过数字图像处理的方法,提取其高度信息,重构出刀具磨损表面的三维形貌。2.将双阈值选取技术引入到聚焦评价函数的使用中,保证了噪声点和背景点的有效剔除,大大提高了算子的适应性。3.优化了三维重构的过程,设计了快速三维重构的方法。并运用此算法进行了刀具磨损区域的三维重构试验,试验证明该算法在一定程度上提高了重构的速度。4.建立了光栅刻度尺标定的数学模型,并进行了标定的试验,试验说明该标定方法的精度较高。达到了标定的自动化,减少了人工标定带来的误差。在此基础上,提出了基于像素点对磨损区域进行测量的三维评价指标,并进行了刀具耐用度对比的测量试验。5.使用VC++ 6.0和OpenGL设计了刀具磨损区域形貌的三维显示软件。并应用本文所述的方法将得到的三维数据进行显示,绘制出刀具磨损区域的三维图像。更多还原

【Abstract】 The 3D reconstruction of tool wear area is very important for the observation and the study of wear mechanism. For a long time, because of the limited method and its capability, as well as large cost of the 3D imaging machine, tool wear analysis has been largely limited to 2D parameters. Based on the study of the theories and key points of the Depth from Focus (DFF), a 3D reconstruction method of tool wear area has been designed. And a 3D visualization software of tool wear area was developed. The major research works are listed as follows:1. A 3D reconstruction method of tool wear area based on DFF was developed. Different focused pictures of tool wear area were taken from microscope. By using digital image processing, the depth information of the tool wear was taken and the tool wear’s 3D topography was reconstructed.2. Double-threshold method has been introduced into the focus evaluate function. It is largely improved the correct rate of deleting noise points and background points, and improved the adaptation of operator.3. The 3D reconstruction’s process has been analyzed, and a faster 3D reconstruction method was designed. Finally the 3D reconstruct test using this method proved it is faster than the previous method.4. In order to reach the automatic calibration, and to reduce the artificial error, a model of grating calibration was given. Calibration test result showed that the precision of the system was high enough. On this basis, some practicable 3D evaluation indexes of tool wear based on pixel was also given. After that, a tool wear measuring experiment was made.5. By using VC++ 6.0 and OpenGL, a tool wear area’s 3D visualization software was developed. 3D data can be read into this software and then a 3D image of the tool wear data can be shown in the software’s system.更多还原