【作者】 孙成杰；

【导师】 甄清；

【作者基本信息】 吉林大学 ， 公共卫生， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 家栖鼠作为病媒生物的一类,能传播鼠疫、流行性出血热、钩端螺旋体病等多种病媒生物性传染病。如何开展科学灭鼠,把鼠密度控制在无以为害的程度,是公共卫生方面需要解答的一个问题。掌握家栖鼠的种群分布(鼠的种类、数量、分布及季节变化)及不同鼠种对灭鼠药物的抗药性情况,对本地鼠害防制工作有重要意义。本次调查为进一步掌握长春市城区居民区、特殊行业、城中村(城乡结合部)家栖鼠种群构成及家栖鼠对抗凝血灭鼠剂的抗药性(褐家鼠对溴鼠灵的抗药性)情况,分析和充实长春市病媒生物资料,在日常的灭鼠工作中有针对性的选用灭鼠药物,提高城市灭鼠工作质量,预防和控制鼠传疾病的发生和传播以及合理制定病媒生物防制方案,开展科学灭鼠提供依据。以夹夜法进行家栖鼠的种群分布调查(居民区、特殊行业、城中村的鼠密度及鼠种调查);抗药性调查按全国鼠类抗药性监测协作组统一方法进行无选择性摄毒试验,检测褐家鼠对溴鼠灵的抗药性。本次家栖鼠种群分布调查共捕鼠129只,其中褐家鼠(Rattus norvegicus)112只占86.82%,小家鼠(Mus musculus)7只占5.43%,黑线姬鼠(Apodemus agrarius)10只占7.75%,褐家鼠为优势种。经对24只褐家鼠进行抗药性监测,摄食0.005%溴鼠灵毒饵6天,食毒期内全部死亡。经出血情况观察,符合抗凝血灭鼠剂毒杀症状。按褐家鼠抗药性检验(评价)标准,其对第二代抗凝血剂溴鼠灵,没有产生抗药性个体。调查结果表明长春市城区家栖鼠以褐家鼠为主,城中村和居民区的鼠密度比特殊行业高,是下一步鼠害防制的重点地区。长春市城区可继续使用溴鼠灵灭鼠剂防治鼠害,同时应采取综合防制措施,科学合理开展灭鼠活动。更多还原

【Abstract】 The coexistent rodents refers to the inquiline rodents that resides temporarily in houses, buildings and the periphery mouse class, mainly depends upon the survival condition which the human being provided, it mainly comprised by Rattus norvegicus, Mus musculus, Rattus mouse, etc. Rodents as a transmission of diseases not only harm for agriculture, industry, causing economic losses, but also transmit the plague spot, epidemic hemorrhagic fever and other diseases. To deracinate scientific rodent to control the density in the absence of the degree of harm is a question that public health need to answer. Holding Rodents ’s variety, quantity, distribution and its long-term changes could provide the support to rat transmissible diseases. The main means of rodent control is anticoagulant rodenticides. The effect of rodenticides depends on the kinds of rats。With the using of rodenticides, the rodents will be resistance。So it is very necessary to know the distribution and kinds of the rats among a region to effectively control the rodent in a region. To investigate indoor coexistent rodent structure in residential areas, village in city and special industries indoor in Changchun and the resistance development of anticoagulant rodenticide in coexistent rodents. and provide the scientific basis for the rat control in Changchun city. From January 2007 to June 2008 , I made a research on coexistent rodents population distribution and drug-resistance of anticoagulant rodenticide in Changchun urban districts.Placing wire live traps baited with peanut indoor to catch coexistent rodent. Captured rodent were delivered to laboratory and were numbered ,weighted, identified and recorded. Tests was carried out without selectivity by rodents based on the method of National Rodenticide Resistance Monitoring Co-worker Group. Totally 129 rodent were captured. 86.82 % were Rattus norvegicus, 7.75% were Apodemus agrarius and 5.43% were Mus musculus. The dominant rodent at populated area was Rattus norvegicus and its percentage was 95.65%. The dominant rodent at special industries was Rattus norvegicus and its percentage was 94.44%. The dominant rodent at village in city was Rattus norvegicus and its percentage was 78.46%. The percentages of Apodemus agrarius in populated area and special industries were 0 respectively. The percentages of Apodemus agrarius village in city were 15.39%. 24 Rattus norvegicus were tested. The resistance rate was 0. The result showed that Rattus norvegicus had not become individual resistance to the resistance rodenticideⅡ(Brodifacoum).The survey conveys that The dominant rodent species of Changchun City was Rattus norvegicus, followed by Apodemus agrarius, Mus musculus. In the village to carry out anti-rat should be considered for different kinds of rat in the selection of rodenticides. Residential areas, special industries, Villages (urban) of the three habitats, Villages and high density residential areas, special low density industry, in which they should further strengthen the village’s residential areas and the eradication of rats. The density of coexistent rodents in Changchun urban changes with the seasons with the volatility, reached a peak in April and November. According to the proposed density changes in the characteristics of the season, at the height of the focus on prevention and control before, to carry out anti-rat spring and autumn. The anticoagulant rodenticideⅡ(Brodifacoum) can be still used but should be used scientifically and properly with careful tests of sensitivity.更多还原