【作者】 郑亿；

【导师】 栗学军；

【作者基本信息】 吉林大学 ， 公共卫生， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 职业病危害是一个重大公共卫生问题和社会问题。职业病危害对劳动者健康造成的损害,对企业、全国乃至全球的经济有直接的影响。石油企业从事职业病危害作业的员工是企业重要的人力资源,石油企业必须站在“以人为本”的科学发展观高度,深刻认识加强职业病防治工作的重要性和紧迫感。本文对石油勘探、钻井、采油和测井作业4个工种,以大庆石油企业工人长期接触噪声、粉尘、毒物和放射线的男性工人作为调查对象,得出噪声是最主要且危害较严重的职业病危害因素,存在于油田生产的各主要环节,涉及的场所多,暴露人数多。粉尘、毒物及放射线危害均不容忽视。本文结合石油企业职业卫生特点及存在的问题,提出如何预防和治理职业有害因素对工人健康影响的方法和策略,以期达到提高预防和控制职业病的能力,减少职业病的发生,有利于建设和谐企业及产生社会和经济效益的目的。更多还原

【Abstract】 AIM:We investigated and analysed the effect of four kinds of harmful factors in main occupation that on Daqing petroleum worker health. Our objective is to understand the occupation sickness damage of Daqing Oil-Field petroleum workers. We discuss the present situation and countermeasures and prevent and control petroleum worker’s main occupational disease harms and reduce occupational disease’s occurrence. These are to provide the scientific basis for the occupational health inspection and prevention work.METHODS:Adopt the method of cross-sectional investigation. Investigation object: the physical exploration workers , the well drillers who are exposed in the dust , the extraction workers who are exposed in the gasoline and benzene, the oil well logging workers who are exposed in the radioactive source. The observation group include four groups of male. These are 200 people in each group. The average job seniority is in (13±5) years. The age is in range of 20~46 years old, and the average age for (30±5) years old. Control group include four groups of healthy male who do not contact the above harmful factors. These workers are inspected the occupational health inspection project according to "the People’s Republic of China Occupational disease Prevention law".RESULTS:1. The physical exploration workers who are exposed in the noise have the significance difference in blood pressure, electrocardiogram, nervous system, digesting system and hearing inspection compared with the control group .Each examination project has the significance difference. The loss of hearing is primarily in the high frequency band, and is closely related with noise intensity. They often contact noise and cause a series of unusual cardiovascular system symptom that include the high blood pressure and the unusual electrocardiogram and so on.2.The well drillers who are exposed in the dust have the significance difference in clinical examination, sternum X inspection, lung functional inspection compared with the control group.3.The extraction workers who are exposed in the gasoline and benzene have the significance difference in clinical examination , nerve behavior inspection , gastro-intestinal tract inspection compared with the control group.4.The oil well logging workers who are exposed in the radioactive source have the significance difference in clinical examination, skin damage, eye lens change compared with the control group.CONCLUSION:1. The main occupational adverse factor include noise, electric welding dust, benzene, radioactive rays in the Daqing Oil Field production process. The noise and the electric welding dust are very common; The noise is the most serious occupational health harm factor mainly. It exists in each oil- field production link, The dust and chemical harm is not allow to neglect. The management is quite good in mission operational site, but it must take seriously the operating workers’ harm .2. The investigation discover the intense noise may cause the change of hearing system and the loss of hearing and the noise deaf. It simultaneously may also effect the nervous system, the cardiovascular system, the internal secretion, the immune system, the digesting system and so on .3.The electric welding mist and dust causes the lung function reduction. The rate of abnormality of anomalous small shadow in electric welding group is higher than the control group obviously through X sternum..4.The petroleum worker’s and nerve behavior are remarkable with control group who often contact benzene.5.The oil well logging workers who are exposed in the radioactive source have the significant difference in blood picture examination and eye lens change compared with the control group .6.Since "Occupational health Prevention law" has being come into effect, Daqing Oil Field’s occupational health work displays some characteristic such as the leader’recognition, the perfect organization, improving train. The work of occupational disease prevention take prevention as the dominant factor, the check of safety and worker’s health as the main body; the management, examination, the cure of occupational disease, the education of health, the reform of technology, the protection of health, investigation and researching as the main methods; establish the view of“people-oriented”and unify the safety of production and workers’health in a same part. HSE administering system has been carried out. Occupational disease harm has been reduced and the occupational disease’s prevention level has been raised obviously.更多还原