【作者】 黄祖才；

【导师】 汪泉弟；

【作者基本信息】 重庆大学 ， 电气工程， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 当前我国处于重要的发展阶段,经济快速增长,人民生活水平稳步提高。但是就在20世纪最后20年,我国以能源消耗翻一番支持了经济翻两番。在这一轮以投资为主要拉力的经济增长期中,中国的能源消耗强度明显增长,能源弹性系数大幅提高。资源环境约束和经济快速增长的矛盾,已成为未来中国经济社会发展的严峻挑战,这个问题已经不容许全社会回避。因而从我国现实和长远利益考虑,提出了建设资源节约型、环境友好型社会的目标,具有明确的政策导向。对于我国以燃煤发电为主的电力行业来说,节能降耗工作显得尤为重要。然而我国电网存在许多问题:其一,结构不合理、设备老化。如电网中中小型老旧高能耗变压器拥有量太大,缺乏调节能力,造成事故率高,损耗高;其二,电网运行管理落后,强调安全运行,忽视经济运行;其三,电网中超高压输电线路比重偏低,变电站布局不够合理,部分电网容载比不足;其四,同杆并架、串联电容补偿、紧凑型线路等先进技术应用面不广等问题的存在,致使线损和网损居高不下。由于以上诸多原因造成我国电网损耗过大,与世界主要工业国家相比存在较大的差距,因此,节能降耗在我国城乡电网中大有可为。县级电网是我国城乡电网的重要组成部分,它兼有农村电网和城市电网的特点,因此,研究县级电网的降耗问题是有实际意义的。本文针对某县级配电网的实际情况,通过计算该地区10kV实际线路的潮流和网损,提出了线路无功补偿和优化方法,该方法对该地区整个配电网的节能降耗分析具有工程应用意义。另一方面,变压器在配电网中数量众多,经济合理的变压器投运,对整个电网的安全可靠和经济运行意义重大。文中对变压器产品的发展情况做了介绍,从节能和电网运行可靠性提出了加速淘汰该地区老旧高耗能变压器。文中重点分析了合理选择变压器容量、根据电压调整变压器分接头等措施来实现提高变压器经济运行。通过以上线路和变压器两个方面节能降损的重点分析,优化该县级配电网络,最终到达降低电力损耗,节约能源,保护环境的目的。更多还原

【Abstract】 At present, China is in an important stage of development, rapid economic growth and people’s living standards have improved steadily. But in the last 20 years of the 20th century, China’s energy consumption double that support the economic to quadruple. In this period of investment as the main force of economic growth, China’s energy consumption significantly increased, and the elasticity coefficient of energy substantial increase. Resources and environmental constraints and rapid economic growth are conflict. It has become China’s future economic and social development challenges. The problem for the whole society is not allowed to evade. For our country’s immediate and long-term interests, constructs a resource-saving and environment-friendly society, with a clear policy direction. As for the coal-based electrical industry, energy saving is particularly important.But first, the structure of China’s power grid and the equipment are all outdate, such as in the distribution network of power system, the old transformers with high energy consumption are too many, lack of control, and the accident rate is high and the high loss; Second, network operation and management get behind, emphasizing safe operation, ignored the operation of the economy. Third, the EHV transmission lines are underweight in network, the substation’s layout is not reasonable enough, some network capacity-load ratio is inadequate. The series capacitor compensation, compact lines, and other advanced technology applications are lack. Causing the line loss and the network loss remained high. In short, our network loss is more than the world’s major industrial countries’. China’s energy consumption in urban and rural power network is promising.The paper is based on the actual distribution network of a county-level region, by calculating the 10kV line’s actual power flow and network loss, a line reactive compensation and optimization method are referred to. Thus enabling the lines operate economically and reliable. Energy conservation and reducing network loss was got at the same time. It offers engineering application for the whole distribution network’s energy consumption.Transformer is a large number of in the distribution network. Transformer operation economic has a significance for the distribution network. The products of transformer’s development are introduced in the paper. The old transformers with high energy loss must eliminate from this region’s power system. The paper focused on the rational choice of transformer capacity. According to the voltage standard, adjust transformer tap and other measures to achieve the transformer’s economic operations.Through analysis the two aspects of energy conservation and reducing network loss about the lines and the transformers, make the distribution network of county-level areas optimal, achieving lower power loss, energy conservation and protect the environment.更多还原