【作者】 王新杰；

【导师】 熊文强；

【作者基本信息】 重庆大学 ， 环境工程， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 新疆绿洲是干旱地区人类生存的依托,生产和生活的核心区,是新疆各族人民唯一的生活生产栖息地。但在绿洲农业生产中所产生的污染对生态环境和其本身造成了危害,严重制约了绿洲农业的可持续发展。农业清洁生产是解决新疆绿洲农业面源污染的有效途径,是新疆农业可持续发展的保证。论文尝试将清洁生产引入农业领域,从源头削减污染物的产生量,全过程控制污染产生,以实现新疆绿洲农业可持续发展。论文的研究工作主要通过以下几个方面展开。第一,借鉴工业领域的清洁生产比较成熟的理论和技术思路以及农业生产工艺体系较系统地阐述了农业清洁生产的基本概念、农业清洁生产的理论基础、农业清洁生产的技术体系等农业清洁生产的基本理论,深化了农业清洁生产理论基础认识的深度,如此,为农业清洁生产研究提供了理论支撑,对农业清洁生产的实践将起到理论上的指导。第二,通过对新疆绿洲天山北坡经济带的经济社会现状评价、农业资源评价(包括水资源、耕地资源、气候资源和生物资源)、农业种植结构分析、农艺技术措施分析、畜禽养殖评价等农业清洁生产条件分析,了解本地的自然条件、资源条件和经济条件等发展农业清洁生产优势条件。第三,通过对新疆天山北坡经济带的水资源利用分析、种植业污染分析(包括农药污染分析、化肥污染分析、秸秆污染分析、地膜污染分析)、畜禽养殖污染分析、居民生活污染分析以及农副产品加工污染分析等农业资源利用和农业面源污染分析,了解新疆天山北坡经济带农业生产的产污环节,为设计相应农业清洁生产技术措施提供依据。第四,依据绿洲农业清洁生产的所要达到的减少农业污染的产生,实现农业生产“两高一优”的可持续发展目标,构建了新疆绿洲农业清洁生产运行模型和评价指标体系。模型充分考虑了天山北坡经济带的自然条件、资源条件和经济条件等优势条件和约束、限制条件,进一步在量上认识农业清洁生产现状及其结构、功能,以求达到最佳的清洁生产效果。第五,结合新疆绿洲(天山北坡经济带)实施农业清洁生产条件分析和农业资源利用及农业面源污染分析设计了农业清洁生产相应的技术措施,将污染控制纳入农业生产的全过程中,从产前、产中以及产后减少污染的产生。第六,通过对实施农业清洁生产所产生的经济效益、环境效益和社会效益三方面,定性和定量方法相结合,预测评价了农业清洁生产不光环境效益显著,经济效益和社会效益也俱佳。第七,通过对政策、经济、机制和技术上的障碍分析,提出了新疆绿洲(天山北坡经济带)农业清洁生产政策措施建议,新疆绿洲农业清洁生产的推动和发展必须以政府为依托,以科技为支撑,以政策法规为保障,以广大农民参与为源泉。更多还原

【Abstract】 Oasis in Xinjiang is the guarantee of mankind’s existence in the dry region, and it isn’t only the core area of production and living but also the agricultural produce habitat for people of all ethnic groups.But the pollution of oasis agricultural production is harmful to the ecological environment, and sustainable development is restricted by it.Agricultural Cleaner Production is the effective solution to solve the problom that Xinjiang oasis source agricultural pollution, and it is also the gurantee of sustainable development. This paper try to apply cleaner production to the agriculture, and to control the amount of the pollution in the source head so that to assure the Xinjiang oasis agriculture’s sustainable development .The paper’s main research expands in following several way.First of all, use for reference the mature theoretical and technical ideas of cleaner production of industrial area, as well as basic concept of agricultural production technics systems account for the basic concept, the basic theory, technical system of agricultural cleaner production,and deepen the understanding of the theoretical basis of agricultural cleaner production, so provides a theoretical support for agricultural cleaner production,and direct its practice.Secondly, according to the evaluation of the economic and social status quo, evaluation of agricultural resources (including water resources, land resources, biological resources, climate resources), the agricultural planting structure analysis, technical analysis of agronomy, livestock and poultry evaluation and so on a series of agricultural cleaner production conditions, to understand the preponderance conditions for agricultural cleaner production development such as local natural conditions, resources and economic conditions on the northern slope of Tianshan Mountains in Xinjiang Oasis.Third, on the northern slope of Tianshan Mountains in Xinjiang with the analysis of water resources use, farming pollution analysis (including analysis of pesticide pollution, analysis of fertilizers pollution, analysis of stalk pollution, analysis of the land film pollution), analysis of livestock and poultry growth pollution, analysis of life pollution , analysis of processing agricultural byproduct pollution, and so on analysis of the use of agricultural resources and agricultural non-point source pollution analysis, to understand the economic capacity and pollution of agricultural production on the northern slope of Tianshan Mountains in Xinjiang, for the design of cleaner production techniques in agriculture corresponding measures to provide a basis.Fourth, based on the aim of reducing the pollution of the agricultural produce and the achievement "Two High One Priority," to build a clean run production model and evaluation index system in Xinjiang. Model full take into account the economic belt of the northern slope of Tianshan natural conditions, resources and economic conditions, such as the advantages and constraints, constraints to further the understanding of agriculture in the amount of cleaner production and its structure, functions, in order to achieve the best cleaner production Effect.Fifth,combine Xinjiang oasis’s condition analysis on agriculture cleaner production with utilizing of agriculture resource and agriculture areas pollution to design the measure of agriculture cleaner production and the pollution control in the whole process to reduce pollutions before produce,through produce and after produce.Sixth, through the economic, environmental and social benefits arising by agriculture cleaner production, unite qualitative and quantitative methods.It is forecast that the agricultural cleaner production not only have significant environmental benefits, economic and social benefits are also have favorable effects.Finally, according to the barriers analysis on policy, economic, institutional and technical,put forward the proposal on agricultural policy of cleaner production measures for Xinjiang oasis (north slope of Tianshan economic zone). Promoting and developing Xinjiang oasis cleaner production must be have protection from government, support from science, guarantee from technology policies and regard the broad masses of farmers as a source.更多还原