【作者】 杨元秀；

【导师】 骆万康；

【作者基本信息】 重庆大学 ， 结构工程， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 随着“保护土地资源,保护耕地”这一基本国策的贯彻实行,蒸压粉煤灰砖代替粘土砖,成为墙体材料改革的主导墙材之一,近年来在城乡建设中的应用越来越广泛。由于砌块砌体的抗剪强度较低,如何采取有效的技术措施来提高砌体结构的抗裂、抗震性能是一个需要深入研究的课题。给砌体墙施加预应力,不仅能极大地改善墙体的材料特性,提高砌体结构的抗裂、抗震性能和抗剪承载力,而且可以扩大砌体结构的应用范围,满足砌体结构向高层、抗震和节能环保发展的要求。本文在国内外研究工作的基础上,进行了预应力蒸压粉煤灰实心砖抗震性能的试验研究。具体研究内容如下:简单介绍砌体结构的特点和发展状况,结合国内外预应力砌体的发展和研究概况,阐述了本论文的研究内容和目的。进行了2片预应力蒸压粉煤灰实心砖墙片和1片对比用非预应力墙的低周反复荷载试验,对试验的进程、构件的破坏形态等相关情况进行了记录与描述。通过试验中墙体的破坏形态、墙片上的电阻片、百分表、位移计以及描出的墙顶荷载-位移滞回曲线,来综合分析墙片在水平地震作用下的各方面性能。试验表明:在反复水平荷载作用下,预应力配筋墙体的破坏过程与普通墙体基本相似;施加预应力后,墙体抗裂性能得到了明显的改善,开裂荷载大为提高;预应力加强了墙体的整体性,砌体墙的抗剪能力、变形能力都有所提高,延缓了墙片的刚度退化,有效地改善了结构的变形、延性、耗能等抗震性能,砌体墙“裂而不散”,保持了较好的整体性,抗倒塌性能。分析了预应力砌块砌体的受力、破坏机理,结合试验结果,探讨了预应力砌体抗裂及抗剪承载力计算方法。在试验研究和理论分析的基础上,研究了预应力砌体结构的施工工艺,提出了砌体结构的设计和施工建议。更多还原

【Abstract】 Along with the basic national policies that protect the land resource and farmland are executed, the autoclaved flyash-lime solid brick have replaced the clay block, and become one of the predominant wall material in the reformation of wall material. In recently years, the autoclaved flyash-lime solid brick is wildly used in urban buildings. For the shear strength of the autoclaved flyash-lime solid brick is low, it is a question for in-depth discussion that how to improve masonry’s crack-resistance and seismic behavior by effective technical measure.Prestress the masonry wall can change its material property, improve masonry’s crack-resistance, shear strength-resistance and seismic behavior, and also expand masonry’s application scope, fulfill the requires of masonry development for tall-building, anti-seismic and environmental protection. Based on domestic and international researches, this paper have experimental researched on crack-resistance and seismic behaviors of prestressed autoclaved flyash-lime solid brick masonry, and below is the concrete contents of research:The characteristics and development of the masonry structure are simply introduced.Together with the development and study e of prestressed masonries both at home and abroad, the content and purpose of the paper are described.In addition, 2 pieces of prestressed autoclaved flyash-lime solid brick masonry models and 1 piece of normal autoclaved flyash-lime solid brick masonry model are tested under frequency low-cyclic static load. We record and describe the progress of the test, the component failure modes, and other relevant things.With the help of wall destructive patterns, resistance strain gauge, dial indicator, displacement meter and the top’s load-displacement curve ,we analyze the various performance of the walls during horizontal earthquake. The results of the tests show clearly some conclusions.First, the failure process of prestressed autoclaved flyash-lime solid brick masonry models and normal autoclaved flyash-lime solid brick masonry model are basically similar under frequency low-cyclic static load . Second , the crack resistance of the masonry is greatly improved and the cracking load of the masonry is greatly enhance after being prestressed. Third, the carrying capacity of shear-resistance and deformation of the masonry walls are increased and stiffness degradation ot them are delayed because that prestress strengthens the connection between structure column and ring beam and integrity of masonry models. Futhurmore, the Seismic Performance such as deformation behavior, ductility, energy dissipation of the walls are improved. the walls will not fall apart with cracks, which indicate that such walls may retain the entirety well and have good resistance of collapse.The failure mechanism and the pattern of damage are analyzed in this paper. On the grounds of experimental results and theoretical analysis, the formula of ultimate shear capacity of prestressed masonry wall is established.According to the research results, some recommendations of design method and construction details of prestressed masonry are simply introduced in this paper.更多还原