【作者】 孙海艳；

【导师】 蔡一林；

【作者基本信息】 西南大学 ， 遗传学， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 淀粉、蛋白质和脂肪是普通玉米籽粒的主要营养成分。本研究通过SSR分子标记,利用农大108的F₂群体,构建遗传连锁图谱,进行玉米品质性状QTL定位。其研究结果如下:1、亲本及F₂、F_2∶3群体、F_2∶4群体的品质表现2007年重庆、2007年海南和2008年重庆三个环境下,亲本黄C的淀粉含量分别为72.3835%、74.0141%、73.5645%;178的淀粉含量分别为74.2520%、74.2329%、73.9470%;黄C蛋白质和油分的含量都略高于178。F₂、F_2∶3和F_2∶4群体的油分、蛋白质和淀粉含量均表现出超双亲分离。不同品质性状在各环境中都表现为连续分布,呈现多基因控制的遗传特点。品质性状相关性分析表明,F₂、F_2∶3和F_2∶4群体的油分和蛋白质含量都呈正相关,相关达显著或极显著水平;油份和淀粉含量达极显著呈负相关;蛋白质和淀粉含量达极显著负相关。F₂群体（2007重庆）、F_2∶3群体（2007海南）和F_2∶4群体（2008重庆）品质性状的方差分析表明:油分、蛋白质和淀粉含量的基因型间和环境间的差异都达到极显著水平,表明这3个品质性状受基因型影响的同时受环境影响。2.遗传连锁图谱的构建利用507对玉米SSR引物对亲本黄C和178进行多态性筛选,选用了其中91对差异引物用作F2群体检测。构建了包含15个连锁群的黄C×178的遗传连锁图,其中第1、2、4、7、8染色体上的标记被划分为两个连锁群;15个连锁群覆盖的标记位点为85个,总的遗传长度为769.4cM,标记间的平均距离为9.05cM。3.品质性状QTL定位以黄C×178 F2群体构建的遗传连锁图,结合2007年重庆、2007年海南和2008年重庆三个环境品质检测结果,运用区间作图法,以LOD=2.0,对品质性状进行全基因组QTLs扫描,共检测到34个品质性状QTLs。其中,油分含量检测到12个位点,解释性状表型变异的5.3%～17.7%;蛋白质含量检测到6个位点解释性状表型变异的5.3%～14.7%;淀粉含量检测到7个位点,解释性状表型变异的5.0%～10.4%。更多还原

【Abstract】 Starch,protein and oil are main nutritional content in normal maize.In this paper,F₂ individuals derived from the cross between maize（Zea mays L·） inbreds Huang C and 178 were used for the mapping population.A maize genetic linkage map with simple sequence repeat（SSR） markers had been established to detect and map QTLs affecting nutritional quality.The main results were as follows:1.Nutritional quality performances of mapping population:Parents,F₂,F_2:3 and F_2:4The quality traits under the three environmental conditions（2007 in Chongqing,2007 in Hainan and 2008 in Chongqing） were detected.Starch concentration of Huang C was 72.3835%,74.0141%, 73.5645%,while 178 is 74.2520%,74.2329%,73.9470%respectively.The protein and oil content of Huang C were better than that of 178 obviously.For the F₂,F_2:3 and F_2:4 population,Starch,protein and oil concentrations showed ultra-parent separation.The nutritional quality traits showed continuous separation under those enviromental conditions, and these results suggested that the nutrition-related traits were controlled by multiple genes.The correlation analysis of the quality traits indicated that the oil concentration of the F₂,F_2:3 and F_2:4 populations were positively significantly or highly significnatly correlated with their protein,while the oil concentration and the protein concentration were negatively highly significantly correlated with the starch concentration respectively.The analysis of variance for the quality traits of F2 population（2007 in Chongqing）,F_2:3 population（2007 in Hainan） and F_2:4 population（2008 in Chongqing） indicated that there existed highly significant difference for oil,protein and starch concentration of different genotypes and different environment,suggesting that these quality traits were affected both by genotypes and environmental conditions.2.The construction of genetic linkage map507 pairs of maize SSR primers were used to detect the polymorphism in parents Huang C and 178,of which 91pairs of primers were obtained.The genetic linkage map of Huang C×178 with 15 linkage groups had been established,in which the markers on the 1^st,2^nd,4^th,7^th and the 8^th chromosome had been divided into two linkage groups.The 15 linkage groups covered 85 loci and spanned maize genome about 769.4cM,with an average interval is 9.05cM.3.QTL of the quality traitsBased on the linkage map and and nutritional quality detected,34 QTLs controlling nutritional quality traits were identified by using QTL cartographer.We mapped 12 QTL associated with oil,explaining phenotypic variation for 5.3%～17.7%;6 QTL associated with protein,explaining phenotypic variation for 5.3%～14.7%;and 7 QTL associated with starch concentratios,explaining phenotypic variation for 5.0%～10.4%.更多还原