人力资本和社会资本双重视角下的收入分配问题

【作者】 马凯；

【导师】 丁越兰；

【作者基本信息】 陕西师范大学 ， 人口、资源与环境经济学， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 近十多年来,在我国的经济以令世界瞩目的速度增长、居民人均收入的不断提高这个大背景下,我国的收入差距问题日渐凸现。表现在基尼系数呈扩大趋势,不同阶层收入差距、行业间收入差距、地区间的差异日益扩大。收入分配差距过分扩大是收入分配不公的直接结果和显要表现,成为受到社会各阶层人士关注的热点问题,如果不能妥善处理收入差距问题,势必对社会经济的正常发展和人们心里的平衡稳定具有不可忽视的消极影响。有可能造成对和谐稳定的消极影响、对经济发展的消极影响、对社会心理的消极影响、对改革进程的消极影响、影响低收入居民的人力资本投资。理论界对影响收入分配的问题研究和分析已经比较深入,从不同角度探讨了各种因素对收入分配的影响,在影响收入分配的各个因素之中,人力资本是不可忽视的重要因素之一,因为人力资本直接影响了个人的收入水平。在现代经济体系中,人力资本成为一种重要的生产要素。人力资本存量与劳动者的收入水平呈现明显的正相关关系,人力资本存量越大,劳动者的收入水平越高。因此,重视人力资本投资是缩小收入差距的重要手段。由于收入太低,低收入居民对教育和健康投资明显低于居民的平均水平。居民之间的收入差距直接导致低收入居民对人力资本投入不足,最终形成教育投资水平与收入水平的循环效应。由于收入水平低,于是教育投资水平低,教育水平低又导致就业竞争力低,就业竞争力低导致收入水平低,从而陷入一种恶性循环。然而,种种迹象表明,仅仅研究人力资本对收入分配影响是不够的。因此,本文在分析人力资本对收入分配影响的基础之上,引入了社会资本这个因素,研究分析了社会资本如何通过对人力资本产生影响,并与人力资本的相互作用最终影响收入分配,导致收入差距的产生。为了客观的分析人力资本和社会资本对我国收入分配的影响,本文首先从理论上进行了人力资本、社会资本的机理分析,分别论述了人力资本、社会资本对收入的影响;采用调查问卷,以家庭为单位,使用网络规模、网络结构、社会参与程度、信任程度、政治和地缘因素五个变量测量家庭社会资本,实证分析了居民家庭人力资本存量、社会资本存量与家庭收入的关系。对收入差距问题的研究,本文的创新之处在于:突破原有的研究模式与框架,引入社会资本因素,从新的视角讨论了收入分配问题。经过本文分析得到了这样的结论:居民家庭社会资本和人力资本存量对家庭收入有着明显的正向影响;社会资本存量和人力资本存量高的家庭,家庭收入也较高,而且,根据实证研究,发现相对社会资本而言,人力资本对家庭收入的影响更大。最后,本文给出了解决收入分配问题的政策建议。更多还原

【Abstract】 The past 10 years, the economy growth rate of China has attracted worldwide attention and the capita income of residents is continuous improvement, at the same time ,the issue of the income gap in China has gradually emerged. The income gap mainly in the following aspects performance more prominent: the Gini coefficient was expanding trend, the income gap between different sectors of the growing , industry income gap is widening, the differences between the regions growing. Excessive income gap is the inequitable distribution of income as a direct result of performance and prominent, as all sectors of the community are the issues of greatest concern, if not properly dealt with the problem of income disparity, it is bound to the socio-economic development and people’s hearts normal balance and stability is an ignore the negative impact. All of these may result in a harmonious and stable negative impact on the economic development of the negative impact on the social and psychological negative impact on the negative impact of the reform process, the impact on low-income residents in investment in human capital.The theoretical circles on the issue of impact on the distribution of income and have more in-depth analysis from the perspective of a variety of different factors on the impact of the income distribution. Impact of the distribution of income in the various factors, human capital is not to be ignored one of the important factors, as a direct impact on human capital personal income levels. In the modern economic system, the human capital has become an important factor of production. The stocks of human capital and the income level of workers showed a significant positive correlation between the stocks of human capital, the higher the income level of workers. Therefore, the emphasis on human capital investment is to narrow the income gap between an important means. Since low income, investment of low-income residents in education and health was significantly lower than the average level of the residents. The income gap between residents of low-income residents a direct result of inadequate investment in human capital, the final form of investment in education level and income level of the cycle. The low level of income, so the low level of investment in education, low levels of education leads to low employment competitiveness, employment competitiveness of the low-lead low level ofincome, thus caught in a vicious circle.However, there are indications that, the only study of human capital in the distribution of income is not enough to impact, called the concept of social capital has entered people’s vision. In this paper, in human capital in the distribution of income on the basis of the introduction of the social capital of this factor, the analysis of how social capital have an impact on the human capital and human capital through the role of the ultimate impact of the income distribution, have led to a widening gap in income, finally come to human capital and social capital on the double impact of the income gap.In this paper, human capital and social capital on the impact of Chinese income distribution study, the first from the theoretical analysis, and then based on theories of human capital, social capital theory, the family as the basic unit survey used to collect survey data. I use five variables of the network size, social participation, trust, network structures, political and geographical factors family measuring social capital, and Empirical Analysis of the households in the stock of human capital, the social capital stock and the relationship with the family income. The empirical results show that: the social and human capital stock of household income there is a clear positive impact; Social capital stock and the stock of human capital-the family, higher household income, but, according to empirical research, found the relative social capital, human capital on the impact of greater household income.更多还原