【作者】 李双龙；

【导师】 赫国胜；

【作者基本信息】 辽宁大学 ， 政策性金融学， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 农业作为一强位弱势产业在一国的经济发展中处于重要的基础地位,但是农业由于它自身的特点又决定了它面临着许多自然风险,病疫等巨大风险,而农业保险是规避农业非系统性风险的重要策略,是市场经济条件下现代农业发展的三大支柱(农业科技、农业金融和农业保险)之一,是世界贸易组织允许各国支持农业的“绿箱”政策之一,具有促进农业产业化、稳定农民收入、提高农业贷款人的预期收益和经营业绩、实现支农性收入再分配和对经济带来有利的乘数效应等福利功效,日益受到各国政府的重视。我国是一个农业大国,农业和农村经济的发展和稳定,对整个国民经济的协调健康发展至关重要。而身为我国弱质产业的农业不仅面临着自然灾害频发的非系统性风险,伴随我国加入WTO,它同时又面临着经济活动范围扩大而带来的市场性风险。对于农业这一至关重要的基础性产业,在许多外国正努力的以各种方式给予支持的时候,而我国对农业的支持力度相比之下是微之又微。我国农业保险虽然自建国时就有所发展,但由于众多因素的影响,农业保险非但没有快速发展,反而日渐萎缩,已经严重滞后于我国农业发展对其的需求。无论从国际还是我国的农业保险的实践可以看出,无政府支持的纯商业化经营的农业保险很难发展,因此,本文提出要尽快构建一个符合我国国情的政策性农业保险体系。本文共分为五章。第一章论述了我国农业保险发展历程与存在的问题。第一节介绍了农业保险的概念及分类,并从经济学角度分析了农业保险的政策性,即农业保险的准公共物品性质,农业保险的正外部性以及农业保险经营对象的可保性。第二节将我国的农业保险发展历程分为四个阶段来加以阐述,随后在第三节中从经济学和制度两个角度分析了我国农业保险存在的问题。经济上的主要问题是存在着供求双冷的市场失灵现象;制度上的问题主要体现在:一是农业保险法律制度缺失;二是政府没有充分发挥主导和推动作用;三是农业保险经营主体缺失;四是农业风险分散机制缺失;五是农业保险在农业保护制度中的缺失;六是农业保险的金融环境丧失。第二章介绍了美国、法国、日本和菲律宾经营政策性农业保险的主要做法,并总结了国外的经验,分析得出对我国的一些启示:农业保险的重要作用和基础地位不容忽视;完善的农业保险立法是开展农业保险的重要保障;必须明确农业保险的政策性地位;国家通过财政、税收、金融等综合配套措施支持农业保险发展;采取法定投保和鼓励农民自愿投保的方式相结合;立足国情,建立合理的农业保险组织体系。第三章就我国若干地区——上海、黑龙江、吉林、新疆和四川的政策性农业保险实践分别加以阐述,并分析了它们各自的成功与不足之处。第四章提出了构建我国政策性农业保险体系的对策。首先要尽快制定政策性农业保险立法,其次提出建立农业风险管理局,构建多元化、多层次的农业保险经营模式,加强政府对农业保险的财政补贴与政策支持,最后提出建立农业风险管理基金。第五章提出了构建我国政策性农业保险体系的配套措施。一是大力宣传农业保险知识、提高农户投保意识;二是加强农业保险专业人才培养;三是建立国家支农政策相关联的机制;四是加强农业保险信贷支持;五是农业保险机构自身要争取多方面的支持。更多还原

【Abstract】 Agriculture as a weaker industry in the importance position plays an important role in a country’s economic development. It faces much risk because of its character. Agricultural insurance(AI) is an important means to evade non-systemic agricultural risks, one of three mainstays of modern agriculture development——agricultural science and technology, agricultural finance and agricultural insurance——in the market economy, one of Green Box Policies pear fitted by the rules of WTO to support agriculture. It can promote agriculture industrial production, stabilize farmers’ income, enhance the agricultural prospective return and the operating results, realize the supporting agriculture redistribution of income and bring advantageous multiplier effect to the economy and so on. It is valued by various countries’ governments. China is a large agricultural country, whose agriculture faces huge risk. After China’s entry to the WTO, the problem about agricultural insurance is prominent. When other countries are supporting agricultural greatly, Chinese step is little. Although our country agricultural insurance has developed from the founding of the nation, but as a result of numerous factors influence, the agricultural insurance not only didn’t have the fast development, instead withered day after day. Now it already lags seriously to its demand in our country. On the view of world and our country, the AI is confronted by difficulty under pure business managed without government support. So the paper proposes to establish policy AI in our country.The paper includes 5 chapters. Chapter 1 introduces the long history about the AI in China and the problem confronted. Section 1 introduce the concept and sort of AI, analyze the policy character of AI with the way of economics, that is the character of Quasi-Public Goods, Positive Externally and the probability to insurance the agricultural risk. Section 2 gives a brief of the long history about the AI in China which is divided into four periods, then analyze the problem of AI in China, that is the absence of AI law, government promotion, the doers managing AI, the mechanism to disperse agricultural risk and financial environment of AI. Chapter 2 introduces the policy AI experiences of the US, France, Japan, Philippine. After that some apocalypses are gotten, such as the important role of AI should not be neglected, perfecting legislation will ensure the AI business, the policy AI should be defined, the government should support the AI in the way of fiscal, revenue and finance, forcing or encouraging the Farmer to join AI by a good way, the government should establish a good policy AI system. Chapter 3 introduces the policy AI situation of some areas in China, those are Shanghai, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Xinjiang, Sichuan, analyzes their merit and demerit. Chapter 4 proposes some suggestions about how to establish a policy AI system in China. First of all, legislate for policy AI, then establish agricultural risk administration, choose multi kinds of models to manage policy AI, strengthen the fiscal allowance and policy support to policy AI, at last, establish a funds for administrating agricultural risk. Chapter 5 proposes some supporting measures in establishing policy AI in China. Firstly, publicize knowledge of agricultural insurance, raise the farmer’s awareness of the agricultural insurance. Secondly, strengthen the training of professional AI personnel. Thirdly, establish the mechanism associated with the national agricultural support policies. Fourthly, strengthen the credit support to AI. Fifthly, the institutions managing AI should strive for extensive support on their own.更多还原