【作者】 霍述艳；

【导师】 谢晖；

【作者基本信息】 山东大学 ， 法学理论， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 安乐死问题是全世界面临的一个有较大争议的问题,也是随着生命质量论的提出不可避免的问题。它涉及伦理学、医学、社会学、法学等多学科的知识,本文试图从法学理论方向结合社会实践对安乐死问题进行深入研究,并且认为,安乐死制度有其合理性并且个别国家安乐死立法已取得较大成就,而就我国具体情况来说,由于经济、文化、道德和法制等方面的条件并不具备,对安乐死单独立法还有一定困难,所以在推行安乐死非犯罪化的基础上,通过开展安乐死合法化试点来解决安乐死现实问题更为妥当。全文共分前言、正文和结论三大部分,正文部分分为五个部分。第一部分为安乐死问题的概述,主要介绍安乐死的缘起与演化以及国内外安乐死的发展现状。在古代,国内外都存在安乐死思想的雏形。对国外安乐死的发展,本文选择了有代表性的几个国家对安乐死的态度及立法加以论述,其中包括属大陆法系的国家,也包括属英美法系的国家。我国关于安乐死问题的研究始于20世纪80年代初,但直至今日,社会各界在对待安乐死问题仍十分谨慎。第二部分为安乐死的基本问题分析,在对安乐死基本问题进行介绍和剖析的基础上,提出了自己一些见解,主张应严格限制安乐死的范围。本文将安乐死讨论的范围界定为:患有现代医学所确认的不治之症且濒临死亡的病人,由于难以忍受肉体上的极端痛苦,在本人真诚的要求下,按照法定的程序由医生采取人为方法使病人在无痛苦状态中结束生命的过程。第三部分是论述安乐死制度的合理性与非罪性,这两个问题在理论上奠定了安乐死立法的道德基础和法律基础。本文首先论证了安乐死制度符合生命权、伦理道德与社会需求,具有合理性。从生命权角度来看,安乐死与生命权并不冲突;从伦理道德角度来讲,对请求安乐死的患者实施安乐死,是对人生命的尊重;现实中确实存在着现代医学无法治愈且导致患者极端痛苦的疾病,安乐死逐渐被越来越多的人所理解和接受。其次论证了安乐死不是犯罪行为,具有非罪性。从犯罪的基本特征看,安乐死不构成犯罪;在司法实践中,对安乐死的实施者以故意杀人罪论处,是不合适的。第四部分立足我国国情,阐述我国安乐死立法存在着诸多方面的困难。医疗保障制度不完善是制约安乐死立法的根本原因;传统文化的影响使人们不能正视安乐死;立法技术方面也存在一定困难;人的道德素质因素使安乐死实施存在安全隐患。第五部分关于安乐死问题在我国的解决,是全文的核心所在。本文认为我国应逐步实现安乐死的合法化。就我国的现实情况,可以在推行安乐死非犯罪化的基础上,开展安乐死合法化试点,以期积累经验,为制定安乐死单行法律做好准备。更多还原

【Abstract】 The euthanasia question is a disputable question the world faces, and also is an inevitable question along with the theory of quality of life proposed. It involves ethics, medicine, sociology, law and other multi-disciplinary knowledge. This paper attempts to conduct the thorough research to the euthanasia question from the legal science theory direction and social practice, and believed, the euthanasia system has its rationality and several countries’ euthanasia legislation has obtained great achievement. In our specific situation, due to the economic, cultural, moral and legal aspects of the conditions, it’s difficult to have separate legislation on euthanasia, Therefore, it’s more appropriate to carry out the pilot of the legalization of euthanasia on the basis of the non-crime of euthanasia to solve the euthanasia realistic problem. The whole paper is divided into three major parts: the introduction, the body and the conclusion, the body has five parts.Part one outlines for the issue of euthanasia, introduces the origin, evolution and the development of euthanasia at home and abroad. In ancient times, there was thought of the embryonic form of euthanasia. About the development of foreign euthanasia, the paper chooses the attitude and legislation of euthanasia in several representative countries including the civil law countries and the common law countries. The issue of euthanasia in china began in the early 1980s, but until today, all circles of the society are still very cautious to euthanasia.Part two analyses the basic issues of euthanasia, and put forward their own issue of euthanasia through the introduction and analysis of the basis of some views. The scope of euthanasia should be strictly limited. This paper defines the scope of euthanasia as: The patient who contracts which the modern medicine to confirm incurable disease and borders on the death, because of unbearable extreme physical pain, under his sincere request, adopts the artificial method according to the legal procedure by doctor to finish the life in the non-painful condition.Part three elaborates the rationality and non-crime of euthanasia, which have theoretically laid the euthanasia legislation moral and legal foundation. This paper first proves the euthanasia system to conform to the life right, ethics morals and the social demand, so it has the rationality. Looked from the life right angle, the euthanasia and the life right do not conflict; As for ethics morals angle, the request for euthanasia of patients is the respect of human life; In the reality there are some disease which the modern medicine is unable to cure, and cause the patient extreme pain, euthanasia has been gradually understood and accepted by more and more people. Then the paper proves practicing euthanasia is not a crime. From the basic characteristics of crime, practicing euthanasia doesn’t commit a crime. In the judicial practice, punishes intentionally to the euthanasia executor by the murder crime, is inappropriate.Part four elaborates the difficulties of our country’s euthanasia legislation based on our national condition. The basic reason to restrict the euthanasia legislation is that the medical safeguard system imperfect; The traditional culture influence enables the people not to face the euthanasia; The legislation technology also has certain difficulty; Human’s moral quality causes the euthanasia implementation insecure.Part five about how to solve the euthanasia question in china, is the core of this article. This paper holds that china should gradually bring about the legalization of euthanasia. According to our country’s realistic situation, we may carry out the pilot of the legalization of euthanasia on the basis of the non-crime of euthanasia, and accumulate experience for legislating of euthanasia.更多还原