【作者】 王振娥；

【导师】 曾德芳；

【作者基本信息】 武汉理工大学 ， 环境工程， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 种衣剂是由杀虫剂、杀菌剂、微肥、植物生长调节剂、成膜剂、防冻剂和其他助剂加工制成的包覆在种子表面形成保护层膜的制剂,它对防治地下害虫、苗期病害、提高种子发芽率、促进种芽健康成长、提高作物产量、改善作物品质均具有特定的功效。但传统的种衣剂的主要成分大多是毒性很强的农药原药,这些种衣剂虽然对粮食的增产能起到一定的促进作用,但同时也给人类健康和环境带来严重的危害和污染。本文研究通过引入天然高分子多糖作为种衣剂的主要活性成分,在确保小麦增产的同时,又使种衣剂的毒性和污染等大大下降。通过实验室和大田试验,研究了环保小麦种衣剂对小麦的发芽势、发芽率、抑菌率以及田间产量的影响,确定了环保小麦种衣剂的最佳配方,同时对天然高分子多糖的主要作用机理等进行了分析,研究结果如下:1、通过对成膜性、粘度、包衣均匀度、种衣牢固率等物理性能的测定,筛选了各助剂的种类及其含量为:羧甲基纤维素钠4.0%、氨基酸4.0%、黄元胶2.0%、TX-101.0%、羧甲基纤维素2.0%、乙二醇2.0%、1.0%NaOH5.0%、紫色浆3.0%。2、根据我国农药行业标准,结合本环保种衣剂特点,确定了外观、pH值、粘度、成膜性、包衣均匀度、脱落率、低温稳定性等质量控制指标。3、通过大田试验表明,该产品可有效地防治小麦纹枯病,并能大大促进小麦的分蘖,提高麦穗数,使最终产量比空白提高48%,比传统种衣剂提高40%。4、总结室内及田间实验结果,分析了天然高分子多糖在抑菌防病以及对农作物增收丰产方面的作用机理。并简要讨论了各种肥料,微量元素对增强作物抵抗力,促进作物生长的具体功能。5、本论文特点及创新之处在于:其一,用天然无毒的高分子多糖替代了传统种衣剂中的剧毒杀菌成分,从而大大降低了种衣剂对人畜和环境的危害性;其二,在环保种衣剂中添加的其他活性成分,能大大促进小麦的分蘖,使小麦的产量最终得到提高,这是传统种衣剂无法比拟的。更多还原

【Abstract】 Seed coating agent is made up of pesticides,fungicides,micro-fertilizer,plant growth regulators,film-agent,antifreeze and other additives,which can form a protective layer of membrane on the surface of seed.It can prevent and control soil pests,seedling diseases and improve seed germination rate,and promote the healthy growth of buds,increase crop yields and improve crop quality.However,the major components of traditional seed coating agent are the original drugs partly which are highly toxic pesticides.Although these seed coating agent have played a role on the improvement of food production in some degree,human beings and environment are faced with harms and pollution.In this study,the main active ingredient of seed coating agent is a non-toxic natural polymer carboxymethyl chitosan,which can reduce the toxicity of traditional seed coating agent and maintain the same effect and improve the fertility. Through laboratory and field tests,to validate the germination tendency,the germination rate,the rate of inhibition,as well as field production,at last,we set the best formulations of wheat seed coating agent.At the same time,make analysis of the main mechanism of carboxymethyl chitosan and so on.The results of the study are as follows:1.Through set outing the physical properties of film-agent,viscosity,coating uniformity, the solid rate of seed coating and so on,make the determination of the type of assist-agent and content:CMC-Na 4.0%,amino acid 4.0%,thickener Huang Yuanjiao 2.0%,TX-10 1.0%, CMC 2.0%,antifreeze ethylene glycol 2.0%,acidity regulator 1.0%NaOH 5.0%,purple pulp 3.0%.2.According to the standard of the pesticide line of our country,combining with the characteristic of this seed coating agent,all the indexes of quality have been determined such as: appearance,pH value,viscidity,film forming agent,antifreezer,acidity regulator and warming coloration and etc.3.Making a field experiment of seed coating agent,it had showed that the product could effectively control sheath blight of wheat and advance wheat facilitate the tiller greatly,raise the ear of wheat,it increase by about 48%than the blank production,enhance by about 40%than the tradition ones lastly.4.Through summing up indoor and field experiments,make out analysis mechanism of natural polymeric amylase in disease prevention and high-yield increasing of crops.And discuss specific functions of a wide range of fertilizers and trace elements in enhancing the resistance of crops and promoting the growth of crops.5.The innovation and the characteristics of this thesis are:first,because of using the natural non-toxic polymeric amylase which instead of toxic components of sterilization in traditional seed coating agent,thus reduce the dangers of humans and animals and the environment greatly. Second,adding other active ingredients in environmentally seed coating agent,that can contribute the wheat tiller significantly and increase the final production of wheat,which is unmatched by the traditional seed coating agent.更多还原