【作者】 刘玉；

【导师】 濮文虹；

【作者基本信息】 华中科技大学 ， 环境工程， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 氮是导致水体富营养化和环境污染的一种重要的污染物质,许多传统水处理工艺对氨氮的处理效率很低,出水中氨氮严重超标,达不到日益提高的水质要求,影响人体健康和阻碍经济的持续稳定发展,如何有效地脱氮是当前水处理面临的一大难题。本次试验采用组合工艺缺氧/好氧/动态膜生物反应器,对低碳氮比废水进行了处理。通过改变水力停留时间,研究了水力停留时间对出水效果的影响,并选用水力停留时间为12h。对化粪池废水的试验结果表明,该工艺对COD有较高的去除率,但由于废水的碳氮比值较低,导致脱氮效果不理想。因此通过在进水中投加碳源,改变碳氮比值,研究了不同进水碳氮比条件下对污染物处理效果的影响,结果表明:COD、氨氮、总氮的去除率均随碳氮比值的增大而提高,说明进水中碳源增加有利于系统对有机物与氮的去除。同时由于动态膜的高效截留作用,系统对浊度有很好的去除效果。对缺氧/好氧/动态膜生物反应器的抗冲击性的研究表明,该系统有较强的抗冲击性和良好的稳定性。试验期间同时考察了生物反应器内的污泥浓度、SV30、SVI随着运行时间而变化的情况;考察了两种温度条件下污泥硝化、反硝化速率的大小。动态膜对污染物的去除贡献的研究表明,动态膜对废水中的有机物有10%左右的去除能力,对氨氮几乎没有去除贡献。试验中当膜污染严重时,用自来水冲洗,即可恢复膜的起始通量。更多还原

【Abstract】 Nitrogen is one of the most important materials which induce water body eutrophication and contamination. Several traditional wastewater treatment technologies are low in nitrogen removal efficiency. The concentration of nitrogen is so high that the effluent unable to reach outlet water quality standard, it also do harm to our health and influencethe development of economy. How to remove nitrogen rationally is a hard difficult which waste-water treatment researchers must conquer now days.An anoxic/oxic/dynamic membrane bioreactor (A/O/DMBR) was chosen to treat the low C/N ratio wastewater in this experiment. Hydraulic retention time was changed one by one and under each changed congdition, the treat eficiency is studied and I selected the hydraulic retention time was 12h. The experiment showed that a high removal rate of COD could be seen using A/O/DMBR to treat septic-tank wastewater. But the removal effect of nitrification is not good because of the low C/N ratio. So, the removal effecicency was studied under the different C/N ratio condition through adding the carbon source into the wastewater. The result showed that: the removal rates of COD、NH3-N and TN were all increased as the C/N ratio increased, this indicates that increasing the carbon source is benifical to the removel of the organic and nitrification. Simultaneously because of the High-effect entrapment ability of the dynamic membrane, this system has a good removal effect of the turbidity. The research of anti-impact on anoxic/oxic/dynamic membrane bioreactor showed that this system has the stronger anti-impact and good stability. During the experimental period the biological reactor sludge density、SV30、SVI which changed along with the running time were also inspected, and the values of nitrification rate and denitrification rate under two tempreture cindition were examed. The research of the pollutant removal contribution of dynamic membrane indicated that dynamic membrane has the removal rate of COD about 10%, but it has no removal rate of NH3-N. In the experiment using running water flushing when membrane pollution was serious, then it can restore original membrane flux.更多还原