【作者】 刘永叶；

【导师】 邬红娟；

【作者基本信息】 华中科技大学 ， 环境科学， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 水是人类生存最基本的需求之一,自20世纪70年代以来水危机问题就一直引起社会各界的高度关注,水资源短缺、水灾害加剧和水环境恶化的趋势在短期内仍将继续。在以流域为基础的水资源管理已经成为国际共识的大背景下,本文提出了流域水环境安全这一新概念,并由此探讨了评价流域水环境安全的指标体系。本文查阅大量文献,提出了流域水环境安全的概念。在论述了水资源相关指标体系研究的基础上,建立了流域水环境安全评价指标体系(广义体系)。该指标体系分为两个层次:初级指标层和次级指标层。初级指标层即为次级指标的合集,分别为流域水资源自然状态指标集、流域经济社会发展指标集、流域水资源开发利用状况指标集、流域管理指标集。最后使用多层次模糊综合评价法进行流域水环境安全的综合评价。论文在上述的研究基础上,以长江流域(2005年数据资料)为实例,建立了符合长江流域实际情况的水环境安全评价狭义指标体系,进行长江流域水环境安全状况评价。经分析,评价结果符合长江流域当年实际情况。并根据评价结果,提出了一系列相应对策,对于今后长江流域在制定相关政策、提升水环境安全水平等方面提出了较为有效的建议。更多还原

【Abstract】 As is known to all, water is the most basic kind of demand for mankind’s survival. After the 1970s, water crisis has attracted highly attention by all circles of society. Even more, conditions will be continuous: the shortage of water resource, the increasing of water disaster, the deterioration of water environment. And, basin-based management of water resources has become an international consensus. Based on this position, this thesis put forward the concept of Basin Water Environment Security and discussed about how to evaluate it and other related issues.At first, Basin Water Environment Security was put forward and explained on the basis of lots of references. After reviewing and discussing the water-related indicator system, the dissertation established the index system for Basin Water Environment Security (Generalized System). The system is consisted of two levels: primary and secondary level indicators index layer. Primary indicator is the collection of secondary indicators, and there are four collections: basin water resources natural state, basin socio-economic development, basin water resources exploitation status and basin management. At last, the basin water environmental security status was evaluated by using the multi-level fuzzy comprehensive assessment method.Based on the above groundwork, taking the Yangtze River Basin (the year of 2005’s data) as an example, this paper established a narrow basin water environmental safety evaluation index system in line with the actual situation in the Yangtze River Valley and got an appraisal result. The appraisal result accords with the situation of Yangtze River Valley in the year of 2005. And then, according to the evaluation result, a series of corresponding countermeasures were suggested, the more effective proposals were put forward regarding to Yangtze River Valley in development of relevant policies, upgrading level of water environmental security in the future.更多还原