【作者】 徐沙；

【导师】 赵耀；

【作者基本信息】 华中科技大学 ， 船舶与海洋结构物设计制造， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 所有船舶在航行过程中都面临着碰撞和搁浅等海损事故的危险。船舶破损后,不仅会造成严重的经济损失,更会因燃料或液货泄漏对海洋环境造成无法估量的影响。为此,IMO于2001年做出强制性规定,分阶段淘汰单壳油轮,以避免燃料或液货在船舶破损后发生泄漏事故。但是,由于破损船体的总体强度和局部强度已大为削弱,在救援、拖航过程中船体仍然可能因强度不足而进一步造成内壳受损,发生泄漏甚至沉没。因此,在舰船科学中,研究破损对船体总纵极限承载能力的影响很有现实意义。评价双壳油轮总纵极限承载能力最重要的指标是总纵极限弯矩,目前,计算船体总纵极限承载能力的方法主要有四种,即解析公式法、非线性有限元法、理想化结构单元法和Smith简化方法。其中Smith简化方法是一种原理相对简单且计算效率高的数值方法。本文基于Smith简化方法设计并计算了破口在各种位置、大小、形状条件下105000t双壳油轮的总纵极限弯矩、中横剖面应力分布、中和轴位置等重要指标,并基于这些计算结果分析、归纳了一系列破口参数与船体总纵极限弯矩之间的对应关系及其变化规律,其中包括船底和舷侧破口位置变化对总纵极限弯矩的影响,船底和舷侧破口大小变化对总纵极限弯矩的影响,船底和舷侧破口形状变化对总纵极限弯矩的影响等。更多还原

【Abstract】 all ships all face with the damage of colliding and grounding during the transportation. After Ship damaged, it will not only cause serious economic losses, but also caused incalculable effects because the liquid cargo or fuel leak to the marine environment. Therefore, IMO made a mandatory requirement for phasing out of single-hull oil tankers in 2001, to avoid fuel or liquid cargo leaking after ship damaged. However, because the hull overall intensity and the partial intensity have received great influence, The inner shell may damaged, and the oil tanker may submerged in the rescue. Therefore, in the ships science, It is necessary to research the relationship between the crevasse and limit bearing capacity.the most important index to appraise the limit bearing capacity of double shell oil tanker is longitudinal moment. Now, There are main four kinds of methods to calculate the longitudinal moment of ship hull, they are empirical formulas method, nonlinear finite element method, idealized structural unit method and simplified Smith method. Simplified Smith method is a relative simple and effective method for the calculation of longitudinal strength of ship hull. Simplified Smith method is a relative simple and effective method for the calculation of longitudinal strength of ship hull.based on the simplified Smith method, We design a 105000 tons double shell oil tanker and calculate its longitudinal limit moment, the cross-sectional distribution of stress and the location of neutral axis in many different cases which contain crevasse location, crevasse size, and crevasse shape. And on the base, we find and explain many important phenomena and rules.更多还原