【作者】 康明；

【导师】 于三科；

【作者基本信息】 西北农林科技大学 ， 畜牧兽医， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 鸡球虫病是养鸡业中常发的一种寄生虫病,其病原为艾美耳球虫属(Eimeria)的多种球虫,其中致病性最强的是柔嫩艾美耳球虫(E.tenella)。本试验研究对西宁地区鸡的柔嫩艾美耳球虫进行了分离鉴定,并进行了分离虫株的生物学特性研究和抗药性研究,为西宁地区鸡球虫病的防治提供了科学依据。试验结果如下:1.采用单卵囊分离技术,从西宁本地鸡粪便中获得1株纯种球虫,经鸡体传代增殖,对该虫体的寄生部位、潜隐期、孢子化时间、形态结构等指标进行了观察和测定。结果表明:该虫株寄生于鸡的盲肠,卵囊形状指数为1.22,最短孢子化时间为18h,潜隐期为114h,孢子化卵囊的大小为15.00～26.25μm×12.50～20.75μm,平均为20.08μm×16.55μm,综合鉴定为柔嫩艾美耳球虫,并暂命名为柔嫩艾美耳球虫西宁株(E.tenella Xining strain,Et XN)。2.经单卵囊收集和繁殖法扩繁柔嫩艾美耳球虫西宁株(Et XN),观察其卵囊形态,测定形状指数、孢子化时间和潜隐期。结果表明:该卵囊为长卵圆形,平均大小为20.08μm×16.55μm,形状指数为1.22,最短孢子化时间为18h,潜隐期为114h。人工感染后5d在雏鸡粪便中检出球虫卵囊,孢子化卵囊5×10~4个/羽感染后,卵囊的繁殖指数为6.34。同时以平均增重、病变记分和死亡率为指标,研究致病性。结果显示:该虫株有致病性,感染组与不感染对照组的体重相比有显著差异(P＜0.05),各感染组平均病变记分与不感染对照组的相比差异极显著(P＜0.01)。3.使用柔嫩艾美耳球虫西宁株(Et XN)感染13日龄岭南黄肉鸡,进行了该虫株对轻灭(地克珠利Diclazuril)、马度米星铵预混剂(Maduramicin Aminonium Premix)、球痢灵(磺胺氯吡嗪钠Sulfachoropyridazine)、球迪2000(盐酸氯丙啉AmproliumHydrochloride)四种药物的抗药性研究。以相对卵囊产量(ROP)、病变记分减少率(RLS)、最适抗球虫活性百分数(POAA)、抗球虫指数(ACI)作为指标进行综合判定。结果表明:该虫株对马度米星铵预混剂具有轻度抗药,对球痢灵具有中度抗药,对轻灭和球迪2000具有完全抗药性。4.采用自拟中药方对柔嫩艾美耳球虫西宁株进行了药物试验,与球痢灵进行了效果的对比。以相对卵囊产量(ROP)、病变记分减少率(RLS)、最适抗球虫活性百分率(POAA)、抗球虫指数(ACI)作为指标进行综合判定。结果表明,该虫株对中药为轻度抗药,而对球痢灵为中度抗药。更多还原

【Abstract】 Chicken coccidiosis is a severe parasitic disease caused by a protozoan belonging to the Phylum Apicomplexa.The pathogens belong to the genus Eimeria,of which E.tenella is the most pathogenic,and severely endanger poultry industry throughout the world.We have selected the precocious strain and studied on isolation,identification,biological characteristics and drug resistance of E.tenella Xining strain and hope this work can provide the basic information for further researches.The results showed as follows:1.Using single oocysts isolation technique,we have gained pure species of Eimeria tenella from mixed species of chicken coccidia in Xining.Some indexes of oocysts,including shape,parasitic position,structure and prepatent period were.The results showed that,the shape index is 1.22,the shortest spolulation time is 18 h,and prepatent period is about 114 h. The oocyst of Eimeria broadly ovoid,15.00-26.25μm×12.50-20.75μm,average 20.08μm×16.55μm.Therefore it was identified as E.tenella of Xining strain(Et XN).2.Study on E.tenella Xining strain in chickens as focused on the characteristics according to isolated pure species and breeding.The oocyst was ovoid in shape.Oocysts were 20.08μm×16.55μm in average,and the shape index was 1.22.The minimum sporulation time was 18 h,and the prepatent period is 114h.To study the pathogenicities and pathogology, chickens were infected with 5×10~4 oocysts of E.tenella per chicken,were clinical symptom, gross pathology,and pathological histology,average weight gain,lesion score and mortalityes. The results showed that the clinical symptom and gross pathology were evidence and the reproductive potential was 6.34.In all infected groups,the weight gains were significantly different from that of control group(P＜0.05),and the lesion score were significantly different from that of control group(P＜0.01).3.13-day-old healthy chickens were inoculated with E.tenella Xining strain,to study drug resistance on diclazuril,maduramicin aminonium premix,sulfachoropyridazine and amprolium hydrochloride.Determining indexes based on the anticoccidial index(ACI), relative oocyst production(ROP),percent of optimum anticoccidial activity(POAA) and reduction of lesion scores(RLS).The results showed as followes:Xining strain were light resistant to maduramicin ammonium premix,middle resistant to sulfachoropyridazine, complete resistant to diclazuril and amprolium hydrochloride.4.The drug resistance of E.tenella Xining strain was also studied with self-designed Chinese herb compared with sulfachoropyridazine.Indexes based on the relative oocyst production(ROP),reduction of lesion scores(RLS),percent of optimum anticoccidial activity (POAA) and.anticoccidial index(ACI).The results showed as followes:Xining strain were light resistant to Chinese herb,middle resistant to sulfachoropyridazine.更多还原