【作者】 苏小苗；

【导师】 王尚义；

【作者基本信息】 山西大学 ， 自然地理学， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 生态安全评价是目前研究的热点问题,土地生态环境是生态系统的重要组成部分,土地资源生态安全是生态安全的重要研究内容之一。当前,由于人口的增长和经济的发展,土地利用强度不断增加,导致土地资源生态环境遭到破环,严重威胁到区域土地资源生态安全,所以,土地资源生态安全研究迫在眉睫,事关全局。但是,目前土地资源生态安全评价还处于起步阶段,土地资源生态安全评价的理论还处于探讨阶段,评价方法、评价指标体系及标准值的确定仍是研究中的难点问题,土地生态安全预测与预警还是处于探索阶段,需要在不同区域进行探索和实践。山西省属温带大陆性气候,地处黄土高原东缘,是我国北方半干旱农牧交错典型脆弱生态区的一部分。植被覆盖率低、水土流失率高、旱灾频繁、生态环境脆弱;加之土地人口承载指数大、矿产资源开发强度高、土地污染率高、土地污染治理投资不足等经济社会问题,严重威胁到区域土地资源生态安全,直接影响到区域的可持续发展。因此,本文将山西省作为研究区域,依据生态安全评价一般性指标体系,参考有关研究成果,结合区域土地资源自身特性,尝试建立区域土地资源生态安全评价的方法及指标体系,并对土地资源生态安全状况进行时空序列动态分析,为土地资源生态安全评价研究提供研究思路和参考,为合理、高效配置土地资源和生态社会经济可持续发展提供决策支持,也为区域发展政策的制定提供参考。主要研究内容和结论如下:首先,深入分析了山西省土地资源特征,针对区域存在的主要生态安全问题,建立了区域土地资源生态安全评价指标体系。体系由土地自然、经济和社会三个子系统构成,再进一步分四个层次共24项具体指标构成,三个子系统包括土地自然子系统、土地经济子系统和土地社会子系统,四个层次包括目标层、系统层、状态层和变量层。其次,选取2000年、2005年相关数据,运用土地资源生态安全评价模型,计算得出山西省2000年、2005年土地资源综合生态安全值,发现5年间山西省土地资源生态安全状况虽有改善,但仍处于预警状态(敏感状态),并对评价结果进行动态分析。第三,运用土地资源生态安全评价模型,计算得出2005年山西省11个地市土地资源生态综合安全值。结果表明:2005年山西省的11个地市土地资源综合生态安全值中,太原、阳泉和吕梁土地资源生态安全综合值依次为0.5725、0.5819、0.5949,生态安全等级为Ⅱ级,中警状态;其余8个地市的生态安全综合值均处于0.6～0.7之间,生态安全等级为Ⅲ级,预警状态;各地市综合生态安全值由大到小依次为:晋中、运城、长治、朔州、晋城、临汾、大同、忻州、吕梁、阳泉、太原。第四,根据各地市土地资源生态综合安全值,对山西省土地资源生态安全进行分区评价。最后,紧扣综合分析结果,提出了以区域土地资源可持续利用为目标,促进生态安全的若干对策。针对整个评价结果,可以看出:山西省土地资源面临的不仅是生态安全问题,也是一个经济问题,更是与区域可持续发展紧密结合的社会问题。因此,以生态、经济、社会效益的协调发展为目标,紧扣评价结果,提出几点能够促进山西省土地资源可持续发展生态安全的建议,以期为决策者高效配置土地资源和生态社会经济可持续发展提供决策支持,也为区域发展政策的制定提供参考。更多还原

【Abstract】 Ecological security evaluation is a hot issue of the current research, in that land ecological environment is an important component of eco-systems, and land resources is one of the important study of ecological security. At present, due to population growth, economic development and the increasing intensity of land use, which has led to destroy the ecological environment of land resources and seriously threat to regional ecological security of land resources, ecological security research on land resources is an imminent problem that affects the overall situation. However, the current land ecological security evaluation and its theory are still in its initial stage, in that the evaluation methods and index system and how to determine the standard value are still the difficult issues, land ecological security forecast and warning are still in exploration stages, which need to explore and practice in different regions.Shanxi Province, a temperate continental climate, is located in the eastern margin of the Loess Plateau and a part of typical semi-arid areas interlocked agricultural and pastoral of fragile ecosystems in northern China. The economic and social problems, such as, low ratio of vegetation coverage, high rate of soil erosion, frequent droughts, fragile ecological environment, in addition of large index of population in land supporting, high intensity of mineral resources exploration, and heavy land pollution, inadequate investment on it, severely threat to regional ecological security of land resources, and directly affect the region’s sustainable development.Therefore, this paper takes Shanxi Province as study area, according to the general index system of ecological security evaluation, referring to the relevant research results, combining their own characteristics of regional land resources, and attempts to create methods and indices of regional ecological security evaluation, and dynamically analyze the ecological security situation of land resources in time and space series. Thus, it can provide a research idea and information for the ecological security evaluation of land resources, and support the decision of sustainable socio-economic development with a reasonable, efficient allocation of land ecological resources, as well as offer a reference for policy-making of regional development.Main contents and conclusions are as following:First, chapter 1 deeply analyzes the characteristics of land resources in Shanxi Province, establishes a index system of the ecological security evaluation of a regional sustainable use of land resources for the major issues in regional ecological security. The system is composed of three subsystems, natural, economic and social systems of the land, further divided into four levels of 24 specific targets, including the goal layer, the system layer, state and variables layer.Secondly, chapter 2 selects the relevant data in 2000 and 2005 of Shanxi, and using ecological security evaluation model of land resources, respectively calculates comprehensive value of land ecological security in 2000 and 2005. And we found that in these five years, although ecological security situation of land resources improved in Shanxi Province, it has been and is still in the warning status (sensitive state). At last, it analyzed dynamic evaluation results.The third chapter uses ecological security evaluation model of land resources to calculate comprehensive value of ecological security of land resources in 11 districts of Shanxi in 2005. The results showed that: among the comprehensive value of 11 cities in the ecological security of land resources, Taiyuan, Yangquan and Lvliang are followed by 0.5725, 0.5819, 0.5949, whose ecological safety levels for the II, the mediate warning state; The comprehensive value of remaining eight cities in the ecological security levels from 0.6 to 0.7, the ecological safety for the class III, early warning status. The comprehensive values follow in the order from the most to the least throughout the city ecological security is: Jinzhong, Yuncheng, ChangZhi, Shuozhou, Jincheng, Linfen, Datong, Xinzhou, Lvliang, Yangquan, and Taiyuan. Fourthly, according to every city comprehensive value of ecological security of land resources, the thesis evaluates ecological security in districts of Shanxi.Finally, closely integrated with analysis of the results, the chapter puts forward a number of measures to improve ecological security as the goal for a regional sustainable use of land resources. As a result of the entire evaluation, the land resources problem Shanxi Province facing is not only an ecological security issue, but also an economic issue, more a social problem closely related to regional sustainable development. Therefore, my paper comes up with several pieces of advice to promote the eco-security sustainable development of land resources in Shanxi Province, with the coordination development of the ecological, economic, social benefits, as the goal. As far as the results of evaluation results concerned, it supplies decision-makers with high efficient allocation of land resources not only for sustainable socio-economic and ecological development, also with reference for the regional development policy-making.更多还原