【作者】 武晓静；

【导师】 薛勇民；

【作者基本信息】 山西大学 ， 伦理学， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 自从上世纪六七十年代以来,环境伦理学作为一门新型学科诞生后,关于该领域的争论与研究就不曾停止。随着环境问题的日益突出,人们开始检讨自己长期以来对待自然的价值观念。人类究竟在自然中处于什么样的地位,自然是否具有价值以及具有什么样的价值,学界都进行了多方的论证和讨论。在不得不对传统价值论进行新的思考时,罗尔斯顿提出了哲学的荒野走向,即自然具有内在价值的理论。然而,目前关于人与自然关系问题的阐述,基于价值论观点,在众多的学术文献中,大多是把人与自然作为相对立的两个面来进行研究的。但是人类毕竟是大自然的一部分,将人放在单纯的评价者或受益者的角度来进行的研究,显然是不够的。基于此,罗尔斯顿在其环境伦理思想中,着重谈到了人作为地球整体系统中的一个要素,在现实生活中的实践意义。进而他着手从三个方面阐述了他的环境伦理思想的实践观,即公共政策、商业活动与个人道德信念在现实的实践中的作用与意义。他用了大量实证的生物学例子,把人们的伦理学视野扩大到荒野之内,以期让人们从内心深处感悟自然,以实践活动赞美并保护自然。任何理论的最终目的都是解决问题,在理论的指导下,发掘人在实践过程中所具有的权利和义务,人对自然界应抱有一种什么样的态度,应采取什么样的行动,应该做什么,不应该做什么。因此,笔者认为,应该从系统论的角度,把人不仅当作评价者和受益者,更应当把人看作是大自然生物链条的一部分,来对自然背景下的人与动物、植物、无机物等物种的作用、意义进行考查。从而得出人在自然中的所处地位,以及应该赋有的权利与履行的义务。本文写作的目的和意义正是基于罗尔斯顿人类价值观的自然转向来考察他的环境伦理思想的实践观以及对现实的启示。使人们从哲学的高度加深对环境问题的认识,认清在自然界中的角色及对自然的义务,更明确的理解环境制度和环境政策,更广泛的参与环境事物,最终使人们达到从理论到实践的保护生态环境的目的。更多还原

【Abstract】 Since the last century 60-70 ages, after environment ethics takes a new discipline birth, the argument about this domain had not stopped. Along with environment question prominent day by day, the people start to examine the idea to treat the natural value. Is actually the humanity at what position in the nature, whether to have the value naturally as well as have what value, the educational world has carried on proof and the discussion in every way? When can not but carry on the new ponder to the traditional theory of value, Rolston proposed the philosophy wilderness trend, namely the nature has the intrinsic value theory.However, about the person and the nature relations question’s elaboration, based on the theory of value viewpoint, in the numerous academic literatures, mostly is at present with two surfaces which takes naturally opposes carries on the human the research. But the humanity is a nature part after all, places the research which the human the pure value or beneficiary’s angle carries on, obviously is insufficient. Based on this, Rolston in its environment ethics thought that talked about the human to take in an Earth integrated system’s essential factor emphatically, in real life practice significance. Then he began from three aspects to elaborate his environment ethics thought practice view, namely community policy, trade activity and individual moral faith in reality practice function and significance. He has used the massive real diagnosis biology example, expands people’s ethics field of vision to wilderness, lets the people by the time become aware the nature from the heart of hearts feeling, practice praises and protects the nature. Any theory’s final goal solves the problem, under the theory instruction, seeks the human the right which and the duty has in the practice process, what manner the human should hold one to the nature, what action should take, should make anything, should not make anything.Therefore, the author believed that should from the system theory angle, not only treat as the human the value and the beneficiary, must regard as the human is a nature biology chain link’s part, comes to the natural background under species and so on human and animal, plant, inorganic substance functions, the significance carry on the examination. Thus obtains the human to locate the status in the nature, as well as should have right and fulfillment duty. This article writes the goal and the significance are precisely change based on the Rolston humanity values nature inspect his environment ethics thought practice view as well as to the reality enlightenment. Causes the people from the philosophy high deepening to the environment question understanding, clearly recognizes in the nature the role and to the natural duty, the more explicit understanding environment system and the environmental policy, the more widespread participation environment thing, enables the people to achieve finally from the theory to the practice protection ecological environment goal.更多还原