【作者】 徐笑飞；

【导师】 郝建平；

【作者基本信息】 山西大学 ， 植物学， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 柴胡是重要的药用植物,也是我国、韩国及日本等国所使用的大宗药材。《中国药典》（2005年版）收录伞形科植物北柴胡Bupleurum chinese DC.（又称硬苗柴胡）和狭叶柴胡Bupleurum scorzonerifolium Willd.（又称软苗柴胡或红柴胡）为药用柴胡的原植物。柴胡以根入药,根中含有柴胡皂苷和挥发油等成分,具有抗病毒、抗细菌内毒素、抗炎、抗肿瘤、抗惊厥、解热、降血脂及促进分泌、保肝、提高免疫力等功效,药用价值很高。近年来,柴胡的市场需求量逐年增加,而过度采掘又导致其野生资源越来越少。但是人工种植柴胡存在种子发芽率低、栽培技术难度大等问题。各产地的柴胡均存在不同程度的品种混杂现象,造成了柴胡药材的种质不纯、质量参差不齐,致使总体质量下降,已影响到用药的准确性和药品质量的稳定性,也影响到柴胡的出口创汇。对现有的、已被广大药农所接受的人工栽培种进行种质提纯、复壮,培育出品质优良且变异小的高产、优质柴胡植株并批量生产和供应市场是急需解决的问题。为了建立北柴胡的选优育优技术体系,大量生产北柴胡优质种苗和种子,本研究对种植于山西万荣的中柴1号北柴胡种子进行了种皮损伤和植物激素处理试验,比较了其萌发率;应用植物组织培养技术分别对种植于山西陵川、万荣、左权、芮城、方山、灵丘及甘肃陇西和陕西商洛等8个地区的优质北柴胡进行快速繁殖;应用分光光度法测定了移栽半年后的试管植株根中的柴胡总皂苷含量,应用HPLC-UV法测定了其柴胡皂苷a和柴胡皂苷d的含量;用分光光度法测定、比较了试管植株、移栽植株以及移栽田间第2年的试管植株与田间自然栽培植株叶片中叶绿素的含量。实验结果表明:植物激素处理对北柴胡种子萌发无明显作用,打磨损伤处理种皮可使种子的萌发率提高20%,并且能大幅度缩短种子的萌发时间。附加6-BA 1.0mg/L和KT 0.2 mg/L的B₅培养基适合于各地北柴胡芽的快速增殖与生长;附加NAA 0.1mg/L、IBA 0.5 mg/L和DSC 1.0 mg/L的1/2 MS培养基对北柴胡试管苗的生根有良好的促进作用;北柴胡试管苗的年繁殖系数超过1×10⁸,移栽成活率达到94%～97%。试管苗移栽大田半年后,根中柴胡皂苷的含量符合质量检测标准。北柴胡试管植株在芽增殖及移栽阶段生长状态良好;移栽育苗钵后试管植株的光合作用能力增强。更多还原

【Abstract】 Thorowax is an important medical plant as well as popular crude drugs in China,South Corea and Japan.According to Chinese Medicine Dictionary published in 2005 AC,both Bupleurum chinese DC.and B.scorzonerifolium Wild.are two original plants for medical use.Roots of thorowax are used as medicine because they contain components such as saikoside and essential oil. These components are positive for health because of following effects such as anti-virus,anti-bacterial toxins,anti-inflammatory,anti-tumor, anti-convulsion,antipyretic,hypolipidemic,secretion promotion,liver protection,immunity improvement and etc.In recent years,the market demand of thorowax increases every year, but in contrast wildlife resources has been fewer and fewer due to over-exploitation.And the seeds of thorowax germination and cultivation techniques have difficult issues.Further more,there are different degrees of hybrid varieties phenomenon at almost every origin of Bupleurum,causing impure germplasm and uneven quality.The declined overall quality has affected the accuracy and stability of medicine quality.The export business of thorowax has also been affected unfavorably.The most urgent problem is producing thorowax plants with characteristics such as good quality,small variability and high-yield to supply market.The plants mentioned above should be gained by purifying and rejuvenating current popular artificial cultivation of germplasm.In order to mass-producing high quality seedlings and seeds of B. chinese DC.,1^st,we dispose seeds named Zhongchai No.1 through damaging the seed capsule or soaking them in different phytohormones;2^nd,applying the rapid propagation technology on B.chinese which are picked from eight different areas such as Linchuan,Wanrong,Zuoquan,Ruicheng,Linqiu, Fangshan county in Shanxi province,Longxi county in Gansu province and Shanglv county in Shaanxi province;3^rd,collected the B.chinese roots after being transplanted for six months,tested total saikoside by spectrophotometry, and determined the amount of saikosaponin a and d by HPLC-UV,tested if they meet quality standards;4^th,tested,compared and analysed the chlorophyll contents of thorowax leaves sampled from test-tube plantlets, transplanted plants grown in nutrition pot,transplanted plants grown in fields in the second year,plants grown in field by spectrophotometry.The experiment results in following conclusions:The phytohormone has little effect on seed germination of B.chinese,but scraping the testa could increase the germination percentage of seeds by 20%as well as shorten the germinating time greatly.The optimum medium for bud propagation was B₅ supplemented with 1.0mg/L 6-BA and 0.2mg/L KT.The optimum medium for root induction of test-tube plantlets was 1/2 MS added with 0.1mg/L NAA,0.5mg/L IBA and 1.0mg/L DSC.The annual propagation coefficient of B.chinese plants is more than 1×10⁸,and the survival rate of transplantation reaches 94%～97%.After transplanted in field for more than six months,the saikosaponin content of thorowax root meets the quality inspection standards. There are sufficient nutriments in bud stage and transplanting stage,growing condition for test-tube plantlets is good.After transplanted in nutrition pots, the photosynthesis ability has enhanced.更多还原