【作者】 阎富强；

【导师】 寇占奎；

【作者基本信息】 河北师范大学 ， 马克思主义理论与思想政治教育， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 高龄人士、残障人士、智障人士等弱势群体如何能够像正常人一样参与到社会活动中来,不仅是一个社会问题,更是一个法律问题。监护制度就是解决这一社会问题的钥匙之一。由于我国民法中对于监护制度的规定过粗,操作性不强;计划经济色彩浓重,如今已不合时宜;立法理念落后,不能应付社会中不断出现的新问题,因此有必要对我国监护制度的体系进行梳理,概念加以明确,并借鉴外国立法经验为我所用,为我国监护制度的完善提出新的思路。本文通过借鉴国内学者提出的学术意见和国外的立法成果,对我国监护制度相关规定的不足之处加以分析,并结合我国实际,对我国监护制度的完善提出具体意见。第一部分,笔者对监护的理论基础、监护的性质等监护的基本问题加以论述。在分析国内外立法和学术观点的基础上,笔者认为,监护的理论基础在于行为能力制度,并指出,监护在本质上一种义务。第二部分,笔者结合国外立法体例,对我国监护制度的立法选择进行论证,明确指出,监护与亲权是两种不同的概念,宜采用二元的立法模式,且应放入民法典中民事主体一章中。第三部分对我国目前的监护制度立法现状加以分析评价。笔者通过比较分析的方法,指出我国监护制度中关于监护人、被监护人、监护设定、监护的选任、监督、监护人的权利和法律责任等六大问题规定的缺陷和不足。最后提出完善立法的建议。笔者在借鉴国外立法和结合中国实际的基础上,对监护人资格、监护的范围、监护设定方式、监护监督制度、监护人责任等问题提出了一系列具体建议,其中对任意监护制度、监护监督制度的建议具有独创性。该部分重点论述了成人监护、委托监护、校园责任等问题,为解决现实生活出现的植物人、老龄人士、留守儿童、校园事故等问题提供了一些思路。更多还原

【Abstract】 There are some people who are old, weak, sick and disabled in this society. How can the weak join in the social activity just like the normal? This is not only a social issue, but a legal issue. The guardianship is key point to deal with such problem.In our country, however, the stipulations related to guardianship is too simple and inoperable; it is so planned-economic and untimely; the theory is backward in legislation. Present guardianship can not handle the new situation with ease. So, it is necessary to put the system in order, make the defination clear, and set out a new thought to perfect our guardianship by using the experionce of other countries.This dissertation analyses the deficiencies with our guardianship on the basis of the comparison between domestic and oversee legislation, and then put forward some proposition in concrete terms.In the first segment, the auther dissertates the basic issues such as the theory foundation that the guardianship is based on and the nature of the guardian ship. The auther argues that the guardianship is based on the seystem of the capacity for civil conduct, and the guardianship is a liability.In the second segment, the auther dissertates the legislation, including how to deal with the relationship between the guardion and the right of the parents. The author holds that the civil law should adopt the dual model and distinguish such two system in legisltation.In the third segment, the auther judges the present guardianship. The auther points out the weak points and deficiencis concerning to the guardian, wards, appoitments, the supervision, the right of the guardian and the liability.Finally, the author propose some propositions for the legislation. Such propositions invovles with six aspects including the qualification of guardian, the scope of the guardianship, the way to appoint the guardian, the system of supervision and the liabilies. The author also presents some original arguments such as arbitrary guardianship and the supervision system. In this segment, the author paid special attention to the adult guardianship, the consignation of guardianship and the school liability. I expectd such propositions can benefite to the legislation and propose some different opipions to deal with naturalization of the weakness.更多还原