【作者】 王凯；

【导师】 田钢；

【作者基本信息】 浙江大学 ， 地球探测与信息技术， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 随着石油勘探技术的进步,地震勘探已从简单的构造研究发展到对复杂构造的研究以及岩性的检测,这些新的研究均依赖于地震勘探分辨率和信噪比的提高,没有足够的分辨率和信噪比,地震勘探技术就很难在储层研究和油藏描述方面有所作为。地震数据分辨率的提高是一项系统工程,涉及采集、处理和解释三个大的环节。野外采集技术与施工质量尽管近几年已取得了很大进步,限于现有的地震理论和野外装备技术条件,很难再有较大幅度的提高。地震资料解释技术近几年出现的相干体、分频、属性融合、交汇等技术,已能够检测出地震资料中与砂体有关的弱小信号,问题的关键在于地震资料中是否保留了反映砂体所需要的信息,由此可见,矛盾的焦点和解决地质问题的希望集中在地震资料处理环节。本文以提高地震数据分辨率为着眼点和最终落脚点,紧密集合科学前沿和生产实践,围绕微测井资料的应用及软件系统的丌发研究,在前人研究的基础上针对沙漠复杂地质条件下由于激发频率过高而引起的微测井数据不便应用于近地表叠后数据补偿的问题,提出并研究了截取部分频段微测井数据,求取滤波器进行叠后数据补偿的新方法,研究实践表明,部分频段滤波器的应用,大大提高了地震剖面的分辨率,具有很好的实用价值。同时,针对由于微测井法补偿近地表低降速带引起的地震波吸收衰减,虽然在叠后数据中应用已经取得了一定的效果,但是仍然集中于单一吸收衰减补偿因子的应用,而事实上,沙漠区表层结构变化较大,表层介质对地震波的吸收衰减程度会随地点的不同而不同的问题,对空变滤波器的研究,并着重讨论了双井空变微测井补偿叠后地震数据的应用,取得了不错的效果,也为以后的研究打下了坚实的基础。更多还原

【Abstract】 As the development of petroleum exploratation,seismic exploratation has been improved from the ordinary study of geological structure to the complex study of the structure and detection of lithology.All these new researches depend on the development of seismic exploratation resolution and signal-to-noise ratio.If the development of seismic exploratation resolution and signal-to-noise ration is not enough,the seismic exploratation technology will not be able to use well on the study of reservoir and the description of petroleum reservoir.The improvement of seismic exploratation resolution is a system subject,which include three points such as collection,processing and interpretation.Though the field collection and the quality of the field work have been improved greatly these years, under the limitation of the existing seismic theories and field work techonolgy,both of them can not be developed in a short time.In these years,as the appearance of some new technologies such as conherence cube,frequency diversion,identity fusion, and interection in the seismic interpretation,the small signal about sand bodies in the seismic signal can be detected,but the most important problem is if there is signal about sand bodies existing in the seismic signal.So the point of the problem and the hope of the resolution of geological problems are on the step of the seismic date processing.The main point of this paper is to improve the seismic exploratation resolution,keep step with the newest science development.Based on the use of well log date,the exploitation of the new software,and the study of the fore people,putting out the theory of cutting part frequency of the well log date to compute the filter to compensate the seismic stacked date.Studies prove that the use of part-frequency filter greatly improve the seismic date resolution,and can be widly used. At the same time,the well log date using on compensating the stacked seismic date has been proved to be useful in dealing with the absorbing and attenuation problem inspired by the near surface of the desert area,but only one filter can be used.On the truth,the near surface structures of the desert area change greatly,and as the changing of the different site,the absorbing and attenuation to the seismic wave aroused by the near surface structure of the desert area change outstandingly.The study of space-changed filter,specially the two well space-changed filter,has been proved that it could be uesed very well and has a all-right future.更多还原