【作者】 宋贺；

【导师】 董召荣；

【作者基本信息】 安徽农业大学 ， 作物栽培学与耕作学， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 本文在前人关于弱筋小麦品质和产量研究的基础上,以田间试验为依据,采用多元二次正交旋转回归设计研究了施氮量、施钾量、施磷量、密度和播期对弱筋小麦皖麦48产量和品质性状的影响。研究结果表明:1.各试验因子中施氮量对产量的影响最大,其次分别是施钾量、播期、密度和施磷量。同时建立了各试验因子与产量性状之间的数学模型、互作效应及其优化组合。以产量大于7796kg/hm²为目标,共模拟提出了1490套组合方案,95%置信区间分布对应的密度为294.6～305.4万基本苗/hm²,纯氮量为157.1～164.6kg/hm²,P₂O₅为85.6～89.6kg/hm²,K₂O为198.1～207.9kg/hm²,播期为11月1日～11月3日。穗长与小穗数、每穗粒数呈极显著正相关,相关系数分别为(0.6026^**、0.5320^**)。穗长与千粒重呈极显著负相关,相关系数为(-0.4306^**)。小穗数与穗粒数、产量呈极显著、显著正相关,相关系数分别为(0.5180^**、0.3878^*)。每穗粒数与千粒重呈显著负相关,相关系数为(-0.4230^*)。穗数与产量呈极显著正相关,相关系数为(0.5066^**)。经济系数与穗粒数、产量呈极显著正相关,相关系数分别为(0.4342^**、0.7098^**)。2.各试验因子影响容重的顺序为播期＞施氮量＞施钾量＞施磷量＞密度。以理论容重大于750 g/L为目标,共计模拟提出2450套组合方案,95%置信区间分布对应的密度为295.8～304.2万基本苗/hm²,纯氮量为103.9～110.5kg/hm²,P₂O₅为88.7～91.7kg/hm²,K₂O为162.1～170.3kg/hm²,播期为11月2日～11月4日。影响湿面筋的顺序为施氮量＞施钾量＞密度＞播期＞施磷量。以湿面筋含量小于22%为目标,共计模拟提出1500套组合方案,95%置信区间分布对应的密度为294.6～305.4万基本苗/hm²,纯氮量为52.08～57.9kg/hm²,P₂O₅为87.8～92.2kg/hm²,K₂O为1 88.8～198.8kg/hm²,播期为10月30日～11月2同。影响蛋白质的顺序为施氮量＞施钾量＞播期＞密度＞施磷量。以理论蛋白质含量小于11.5%为目标,共计模拟提出1425套组合方案,95%置信区间分布对应的密度为294.5～305.7万基本苗/hm²,纯氮量为64.8～72.1kg/hm²,P₂O₅为86.3～90.1kg/hm²,K₂O为201.8～211.4kg/hm²,播期为10月29日～11月1日。影响沉降值的顺序为施氮量＞播期＞密度＞施钾量＞施磷量。以理论沉降值含量小于24.36ml为目标,共计模拟提出1656套组合方案,95%置信区间分布对应的密度为294.5～305.7万基本苗/hm²,纯氮量为73.3～80.5kg/hm²,P₂O₅为88.0～90.0kg/hm²,K₂O为170.7～180.6kg/hm²,播期为10月27日～11月4日。同时建立了各试验因子与品质性状之间的数学模型、互作效应及其优化组合。3.各试验因子影响冬前期小麦叶片中可溶性糖的含量的顺序为施磷量＞施钾量＞密度＞播期＞施氮量。密度对拔节期小麦叶片中可溶性糖含量影响最大。施氮量对返青期小麦叶片中叶绿素的含量影响最大。而影响孕穗期叶片叶绿素含量的顺序为施氮量＞播期＞施钾量＞密度＞施磷量。影响旗叶展开后18d SOD活性的顺序为密度＞施氮量＞施钾量＞播期＞施磷量。影响旗叶展开后18d POD活性的顺序为密度＞施钾量＞施氮量＞播期＞施磷量。影响旗叶展开后18d MDA活性的顺序为密度＞施钾量＞播期＞施氮量＞施磷量。同时建立了各试验因子与生理指标之间的数学模型、互作效应及其优化组合。更多还原

【Abstract】 By means of orthogonal rotatable central composite design,the different effects of applying ranges of different nitrogen,potassium,phosphorus,density and sowing dates on yield and qulity of weak-gluten wheat Wanmai 48 were studied,The results showed:1.In the test factors yield was the most affected by nitrogen ratio,followed by potassium ratio,sowing date,density,and phosphorus ratio.At the same time the factors of the experiment have relation with yield,by the mathematical model of interaction effects and optimize the mix.For 7796 kg/hm² theoretical output target,a total of 1,490 sets of simulation by the combination of the program were established,95%interval of the corresponding ranges of N,P₂O₂,K₂O,density and sowing dates were 294.6～305.4 （10⁴ plants/hm²）,157.08～164.64（kg/hm²）,85.6～89.6（kg/hm²）,198.1～207.9（kg/hm²） and 11 / 1～11 /3（month/day）.Ear length was extremely significantly positively correlated with small ear,Kernels, the coefficient of correlation,respectively（0.6026 **,0.5320 **）.Ear length was extremely negatively correlated with 1000-grain weight,the coefficient of correlation （-0.4306 **）.Small ears was significantly positively correlated with Kernel,yield,the coefficient of correlation（0.5180 **,0.3878 *）.Kernel was negatively correlated with 1000-grain weight,the coefficient of correlation（- 0.4230 *）.Effective ears and yield was extremely significantly correlated,the coefficient of correlation（0.5066 **）.Coefficient of effective economic was positively correlated with ears and yield.2.Order of affecting the permit heavy was as follow:sowing date＞nitrogen ratio＞potassium ratio＞phosphorus ratio＞density.For 750 g / L target,a total of 2,450sets of simulation by the combination of the program were established,95%interval of the corresponding ranges of N,P₂O₅,K₂O,density and sowing dates were 295.8～304.2 （10⁴spike / hm²）,103.9～110.5（kg/hm²）,88.7～91.7（kg/hm²）,162.1～170.3（kg/hm²） and 11 / 2～11 / 4（month / day）.Test factor affecting the wet gluten content was as follow: nitrogen rate＞potassium rate＞density＞sowing date＞phosphorus ratio.For wet gluten content of 22 per cent targe target,a total of 1,500sets of simulation by the combination of the program were established,95%interval of the corresponding ranges of N,P₂O₅,K₂O, density and sowing dates were 294.6～305.4（10⁴plants / hm²）,52.1～57.9（kg/hm²）,87.8～92.2（kg/hm²）,188.8～198.8（kg/hm²） and 10/30～11 / 2（month / day）.Order of affecting the protein content was as follow:nitrogen rate＞potassium rate＞sowing date＞density＞phosphorus rate.For protein content of 11.5 per cent targe target,a total of 1,425 sets of simulation by the combination of the program were established,95%interval of the corresponding ranges of N,P₂O₅,K₂O,density and sowing dates were 294.5～305.7（10⁴ plants / hm²）,64.8～72.1（kg/hm²）,86.3～90.1（kg/hm²）,201.8～211.4（kg/hm²） and 10/29～11 / 1（month / day）.Order of affecting the Sink to decline a value was as follow: nitrogen rate＞sowing date＞density＞potassium date＞phosphorus date.For the Sink to decline a value 24.36 ml target,a total of 1,656 sets of simulation by the combination of the program are established,95%interval of the corresponding ranges of N,P₂O₅,K₂O, density and sowing dates were 294.5～305.7（10⁴ plants / hm²）,73.3～80.5（kg/hm²）,88.0～90.0（kg/hm²）,170.7～180.6（kg/hm²） and 10/27-11 / 4（month / day）.At the same time the factors of the experiment have relation with quality,by the mathematical model of interaction effects and optimize the mix.3.Order of affecting the winter wheat leaves early in the soluble sugar content was as follows:phosphorus ratio＞potassium ratio＞density＞sowing date＞nitrogen ratio.On the jointing stage,soluble sugar content of wheat leaves was the most affected by density.On regreening period,chlorophyll content of wheat leaves was the most affected by nitrogen ratio.Order of affecting chlorophyll content of wheat leaves was as follows on booting stage:nitrogen ratio＞sowing date＞potassium ratio＞density＞phosphorus ratio.Order of affecting the activity of SOD of flag leaves was density＞nitrogen ratio＞potassium ratio＞sowing date＞phosphorus ratio.Order of affecting the POD activity of flag leaves was density＞potassium ratio＞nitrogen ratio＞sowing date＞phosphorus ratio.Order of affecting content of the MDA offlag leaves density＞potassium ratio＞sowing date＞nitrogen ratio＞phosphorus ratio.At the same time the factors of the experiment have relation with quality,by the mathematical model of interaction effects and optimize the mix.更多还原