【作者】 肖寒；

【导师】 李培英； 吴金节；

【作者基本信息】 安徽农业大学 ， 临床兽医学， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 鸡球虫病是由艾美耳属一种或多种球虫寄生于鸡体内所引起的呈世界性分布的原虫病,该病对雏鸡的危害十分严重,给养鸡业造成了巨大的经济损失。鸡球虫种类多,且临床多呈混合感染,其中致病性最强的是柔嫩艾美耳球虫和毒害艾美耳球虫。本研究从安徽部分地区鸡的粪样内分离球虫卵囊,并采用形态学方法进行鉴定;通过抗药性试验筛选出抗球虫效果较好的西药;根据鸡球虫生物学特性、鸡的生理特点,结合抗药性试验结果,在本实验室前期抗球虫中药复方研究的基础上,研制防治鸡球虫病的中西药复方制剂,并对中西药复方制剂抗球虫效果进行研究。首先,从安徽省肥东县、肥西县、长丰县、五河县和宣城郊区等五个县(区)采集鸡的新鲜粪样,共采集172份。用饱和食盐水溶液漂浮法对每个粪样进行检查,球虫总感染率为100%。用沉浮法收集粪样中球虫卵囊,加入2.5%重铬酸钾水溶液,置29℃恒温培养箱中培养至孢子化。用所获孢子化卵囊进行人工鸡体增殖试验,对孢子化卵囊进行形态学观察,初步鉴定本次分离的7种球虫分别为毒害艾美耳球虫(Eimeria necatrix)、堆型艾美耳球虫(E.acervulina)、巨型艾美耳球虫(E.maxima)、柔嫩艾美耳球虫(E.tenella)、和缓艾美耳球虫(E.mitis)、哈氏艾美耳球虫(E.hagani)和早熟艾美耳球虫(E.praecox),均隶属于艾美耳属。其次,选取地克珠利、尼卡巴嗪、托曲珠利、磺胺喹噁啉、磺胺氯吡嗪钠和盐霉素钠等6种药物进行鸡球虫抗药性试验,筛选出尼卡巴嗪和磺胺喹噁啉2种抗球虫效果较好的药物,为研制抗球虫中西药复方制剂提供了材料。再次,分别将磺胺喹噁啉和尼卡巴嗪与马杜拉霉素、氨丙啉配伍,并进行鸡体试验,筛选出抗鸡球虫西药复方。将筛选出的西药复方与中药复方(本实验室提供)进行配制试验、剂量用药和时间选取鸡体试验,研制成中西药复方散剂,该制剂综合抗球虫指数(ACI)预防组达189、治疗组达187,其质量符合《中华人民共和国2000年药典》标准。最后,进行了中西药复方制剂疗效试验。以混合孢子化球虫卵囊接种雏鸡,研究中西药复方制剂对球虫感染鸡血液生理生化指标的影响。结果表明,球虫感染后能引起鸡血清葡萄糖、镁、钠、总蛋白、白蛋白、琥珀酸脱氢酶、淀粉酶、碱性磷酸酶含量明显下降;血清钙、一氧化氮、溶菌酶、谷草转氨酶、谷丙转氨酶、IgG、IgM、IgA含量升高;血清超氧化物歧化酶、钾、尿素变化不明显。中西药复方制剂能够维持血糖等指标稳定在较正常水平,并能明显提高溶菌酶等指标的水平。中西药复方制剂能显著促进雏鸡生长,提高养鸡业的经济效益。综上所述,本次对安徽部分地区鸡球虫感染情况进行了调查,其结果可为这些地区鸡球虫病的防治提供理论依据;研制出一个防治鸡球虫病的中西药复方制剂,所研制的中西药复方制剂不仅具有较好的抗球虫效果,而且能够促进雏鸡生长,提高饲料转化率。因此,本研究为鸡球虫病的防治提供了一个新选择,对提高养鸡业经济效益具有一定意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 Chicken coccidiosis is caused by one kind or more kinds of Eimeria and happens worldwidely.The sickness causes harm to chicken seriously,which causes the huge economic loss in chickens industry.Chicken coccidiosis consists of a mixed infections caused by various coccidiosis,in which Eimeria tenella and E.necatrix’s are stronger than others.This research separated Chicken coccidiosis from chicken’s excrement in some areas of Anhui province.The identification of coccidiosis was carried by morphological method.Antibiotic experiment was carried on to find anti-coccidiosis medicine.According to the antibiotic nature test results,the Chicken coccidiosis biological characteristics and chicken’s physiological characteristics,Chinese herb and antibiotic therapy method were develped on the basis of previous research of Chinese herb.The prevention effect on coccidiosis,and its effect on the disease were also studied.Firstly,chicken’s fresh excrement was gathered from folowing counties in Anhui province,namely,Feidong,Feixi,Changfeng,Wuhe and Xuancheng.Oogonium were collected by the up-and-down methed,suspended with 2.5%potassium solution and incubated at 29℃.And then mutipled in Chicken.Gathered oogonium were observed using light microsope,The results showed that the seprated ooganium consisted of Eimeria necatrix,E.acervulina,E.maxima,E.tenella,E.mitis,E.hagani and E.praecox.All of them were included in Eimeria.Secondly,Sulfachloropyridazine pyrazine sodium,salinomycin,diclazuril, sulfaquinoxaline and Toltrazurila were tested for anti-coccidiosis effects.The results showed that the effect of Nicarbazin and sulfaquinoxaline were best.Thirdly,after combining sullfaquinoxaline,Nicarbazin,Madubamycin and amprolium respectively,anti-coccidiosis prescription was selected in chicken.The research was to choose choice proper time,dose and prescription of chinese herb and anti-biotic medicine for preventing and treating coccidiosis.The results showed that anti-coccidiosis index were up to 189 and 187 in preventing group and curing group respectively.Its quality met the pharmacopoeia standard of People’s Republic of China in 2000.Fourthly,the experiment was carried out to prevent chiken coccidiosis using Chinese herb and western medicine compound prescription.We studied the change pattern of physiological biochemistry target in young chicken that was vaccinated after using Chinese herb and western medicine compound prescription.The results indicated that the content of GLU,Mg,Na,TP,ALB,SDH,AMS and ALP reduced significantly;and the content of Ca,NO,LZM,GOT and GPT increased,as well as IgG,IgM and IgA.But SOD,GU and K didn’t change obviously.The level of GLU was maintained normally while LZM increased significantly.The Chinese and western medicine compound prescription increased obviously the chickling to grow and improved chickens industry and economic efficiency.In summary,this study carried on the epidemiology investigation successfully in some areas of Anhui province.We develop a compound prescription of chicken coccidiosis’s Chinese herb and western medicine,which not only has the good anti-coccidiosis effect,but also can promote the chickling to grow,improve the feed conversion rate.Therefore,this research has explored a new choice for the chicken coccidiosis’s prevention.It can enhance economic effciency in chiken industy.更多还原