【作者】 刘婷；

【导师】 王荣富； 赵永富；

【作者基本信息】 安徽农业大学 ， 生物物理， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 小麦是世界上广为种植的一种主要的粮食作物,干旱对小麦的影响广泛而严重。壳聚糖是几丁质脱乙酰基后得到的一种氨基多糖,作为高效绿色农药及植物生长调节剂近几年在农业领域得到了广泛的研究与应用。本文以苗期的小麦为实验对象,采用辐照降解后的壳聚糖醋酸溶液浸种并结合叶面喷洒的方法,观测低聚壳聚糖对小麦幼苗抗旱的生理作用。结果表明:1.选用两种苗期抗旱性不同的小麦,皖46号小麦(抗旱性较弱)和旱选10号(抗旱性较强),利用三种辐照剂量(50kGy、200kGy、500kGy)处理壳聚糖,发现在干旱胁迫下这三种处理的壳聚糖溶液均能明显的提高两种小麦的出苗率、含水量、根干重和根冠比,只是提高的程度不同。其中200kGy处理的壳聚糖溶液对于皖46号小麦幼苗形态性状的影响最显著,50kGy处理的壳聚糖溶液对于旱选10号小麦幼苗形态性状的影响最显著。2.通过对幼苗生理生化指标的测定,得出:在干旱胁迫期间(7天),200 kGy处理壳聚糖的醋酸溶液作用的皖46号小麦幼苗的可溶性蛋白、叶绿素的含量较对照均有显著的提高(P＜0.05),MDA含量较对照有显著的降低(P＜0.05),抗氧化酶(SOD、POD、CAT)活力在干旱胁迫的第7天与对照达到极显著水平(P＜0.01);50kGy处理壳聚糖的醋酸溶液作用的旱选10号小麦幼苗的可溶性蛋白、叶绿素的含量较对照均有显著的提高(P＜0.05),MDA含量较对照有极显著的降低(P＜0.01),抗氧化酶(SOD、POD、CAT)活力在干旱胁迫的第7天与对照达到极显著水平(P＜0.01)。表明辐照降解后的壳聚糖具有增强活性氧清除能力、保护生物膜功能、提高小麦幼苗抗旱的协同生理作用。更多还原

【Abstract】 As a major crop,wheat is planted abroad in the world.The effect of drought to wheat is seriously.Chitosan is a kind of aminoploysaccharides,derived from chitin by deacetylating.In recent years,chitosan has been investigated and used abroad as non-contamination pesticide and growth regulator in agricultural area.This experiment was conducted with drought light-resistant wheat cultivar Wan NO.46 and drought resistant wheat cultivar Hanxuan NO.10,irradiated chitosan with three kinds of dose(50kGy、200kGy、500kGy) acetum was dealt with the wheat seeds and was prayed on the leaves of wheat seedlings respectively,then observed the physiological and biochemical effect of irradiated chitosan on drought resistance of wheat.The results showed that:The three kinds of chitosan solution could improve the germination percentage of seed,moisture percentage of seedling,the dry weight of root,ratio of root to shoot of two kinds of wheat compared with the control,but increased with different degree.Chitosan with 200kGy dose treatment has great effect on the seedling shape character of wheat Wan NO.46 than another two treatments.In addition,chitosan with 50kGy dose treatment has great effect on the seedling shape character of wheat Hanxuan NO.10.The physiological and biochemical indexs of wheat seedlings were measured,the results indicated that:During the whole stage of drought stress,for the wheat Wan NO.46 seedlings treated by chitosan with 200kGy dose and the wheat Hanxuan NO.10 seedlings treated by chitosan with 50kGy,the soluble protein contents and the contents ofchlorophyll were increased remarkably compared with the control(P＜0.05),the contents of malondialdehyde (MDA)were decreased obviously(P＜0.05).The activities of antioxidases such as superoxide dismutase(SOD),peroxidase(POD)and catalase(CAT)were increased significantly compared with the control(P＜0.01),which could make the performance period last more than 7 days.This study indicated that irradiated chitosan was capable of improving the ability to eliminate reactive oxygen species,protecting the functions of bio-membrane, raising the physiological synergisms in drought resistance of wheat seedlings.更多还原