【作者】 亓黎；

【导师】 王荣富； 韩宝瑜；

【作者基本信息】 安徽农业大学 ， 生态学， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 论文以茶黑刺粉虱与几种天敌为研究模式,在预备实验的基础上,以嗅觉仪和触角电位技术探究了该粉虱与多种天敌之间的化学通讯联系,结果表明:1.在27种源于茶树单一组分挥发物中,对龟纹瓢虫有着显著引诱作用的主要是芳樟醇、苯甲酯、水杨酸甲酯、烯丙基异硫氰酸酯、正乙醇、1-戊烯-3-醇、（+）-3-蒈烯、苯甲醇这几种成分。当挥发物的浓度是10^-6g/ml时,龟纹瓢虫对芳樟醇、（+）-3-蒈烯、苯甲酯、烯丙基异硫氰酸酯、苯甲醇比较敏感,其中烯丙基异硫氰酸酯对龟纹瓢虫的引诱作用达到显著水平（P＜0.05）。挥发物为10^-4g/ml浓度时,龟纹瓢虫对这些气体都表现出比较敏感的趋向性,其中芳樟醇、苯甲酯、水杨酸甲酯、正乙醇、1-戊烯-3-醇、（+）-3-蒈烯、苯甲醇这几种成分达到了显著水平（P＜0.05）。挥发物为10^-2g/ml浓度时,龟纹瓢虫对吲哚、苯乙氧基乙酸有一定的趋向性,对（+）-3-蒈烯、苯甲醇有比较敏感的避忌性,但是都没有达到显著水平。在2组单一组分的混合组分嗅觉行为测定中,龟纹瓢虫均表现出一定的正趋向,但是均没有达到显著水平。说明了龟纹瓢虫茶树挥发的单一化学信息物是有选择性存在阈值的、存在着最佳的引诱组分及比例组合。2.源于茶树的单一组分:芳樟醇、反-乙烯酯、青叶醇、苯甲酯、水杨酸甲酯、香叶醇、吲哚、乙酸顺-3-烯-1酯的8种单一味源在浓度为10^-6g/ml时对异色瓢虫的3种变种:异色瓢虫显现变种、异色瓢虫显明变种、异色瓢虫十九斑变种的引诱作用各不相同。异色瓢虫显现变种对反-乙烯酯比较敏感;异色瓢虫显明变种对芳樟醇、青叶醇、香叶醇比较敏感;异色瓢虫十九斑变种对芳樟醇、反-乙烯酯、青叶醇比较敏感,但是均没有达到显著水平。3.黄金蚜小蜂对黑刺粉虱（X₁）+受害叶（X₂）的趋向性的回归式Y^=0.6976-0.0205X₁+0.0152X₂,(F=7742.8131＞F_0.01);黄金蚜小蜂对黑刺粉虱数量的趋向性在低浓度时随着浓度的升高趋向性增强,当黑刺粉虱的数量达到400头时,趋向性达到峰值,以后趋向性下降,经二次多项式逐步分析,Y=0.0000571X²+0.042287X+7.2,（R=0.9769,P＜0.01）。黄金蚜小蜂对受害叶片的趋向性也开始时也随着受害叶片重量的增加而增加,当达到叶片的达到3g时,趋向性达到最大,而后随着叶片重量的增加而下降,经二次多项式逐步分析,Y=-1.857X²+12.02X-3.7,（R=0.98597,P＜0.05）。12种单一组分挥发物行为测定发现,在挥发物浓度为10^-8g/ml时,黄金蚜小蜂对水杨酸甲酯的趋向性达到了显著水平（P＜0.05）,浓度为10^-6g/ml时苯甲醛、乙酸顺-3-烯-1酯、吲哚的趋向性与CK的趋向率相比达到显著水平（P＜0.05）,水杨酸甲酯的趋向性达到了极显著的水平（P＜0.01）。在浓度为10^-4g/ml时,对反-2-乙烯醛、苯甲醛、水杨酸甲酯、吲哚的趋向性达到显著水平（P＜0.05）。浓度为10^-2g/ml时,黄金蚜小蜂对这些组分的趋向性都不明显。4.在中华草蛉对源于茶树挥发物的12种单一组分的3种不同浓度的EAG反应中,当吲哚和茉莉酮酸甲酯的浓度达到10^-4g/ml峰值,对其他10种单一组分EAG的反应都随着浓度的增加而增大,对浓度为10^-2g/ml的反-2-戊烯醛的EAG反应最大（1.014±0.2588 mv）。经Tukey法检测,在相同的浓度下,味源对中华草蛉的引诱作用之间存在着一定的差异,并且随着浓度的增加差异越显著。综合认为,茶树的挥发物是引诱茶黑刺粉虱天敌利它素,对天敌有着一定的寄主定向作用。在本次实验中发现对每种天敌产生的定向作用的活性成分是不完全一致的,并且浓度也有着差异。更多还原

【Abstract】 Based on previous research works in a model system consisting of whiteflies and some kinds of predatory and parasitic natural enemies,by means of the electrophysiological and "Y"tube olfactory responses of thoes predatory and parasitic natural enemies,the chemical communication mechanism among whiteflies and 6 kinds of predatory and parasitic natural enemies is studied.the results are as follows:1.27 volatile components emitted from tea,Linalool、Benzaldehyde、Methyl salicylate、Isothiocyanic Acid Allye Ester、Ethyl alcohol、1-penten-3-ol、（+）-3-caren、Benzyl alcohol have showed significant attracting effect on Propylaea japonica.At the dosage of 10^-6g/ml Linalool、（+）-3-caren、Benzaldehyde、Isothiocyanic Acid Allye Ester、Benzyl alcohol Propylaea japonica have showed significant attracting effect on Propylaea japona.Propylaea japonica.was significantly attracted by 10^-6g/ml Isothiocyanic Acid Allye Ester（P＜0.05）.Propylaea japonica.was significantly attracted by 10^-4g/ml Linalool、Benzaldehyde、Methyl salicylate、Ethyl alcohol、1-penten-3-ol、（+）-3-caren、Benzyl alcohol（P＜0.05）.At the dosage of 10^-2 g/ml,27 volatiles components have showed no significant attracting effect on Propylaea japonica,the same as 2 mixture components.The experimental results showed that the selective responses of natural enemies were restricted by thresholds and the best proportion of mixture components was to exist.2.8 volatile components(10^-6 g/ml)emitted from tea,Linalool、Trans-2-Hexenal、Cis-3-Hexen-1-ol、Benzaldehyde、Methyl salicylate、Geraniol、Indole、Acetic acid cis-3-Hexen-1-yl ester have showed different attracting effect on L.axyridis（Pallas） ab. conspicua Faldermaenn,L.axyridis（Pallas）var.spectabilis Faldermaenn,L.axyridis（Pallas） var.Novemdecimpunctata Faldermaenn.Trans-2-Hexenal has attracting effect on L.axyridis（Pallas） ab.conspicua Faldermaenn,Linalool、Cis-3-Hexen-1-ol、Geraniol have attracting effect on L.axyridis（Pallas）var.spectabilis Faldermaenn,Linalool、Trans-2-Hexenal、Cis-3-Hexen-1-ol have attracting effect on L.axyridis（Pa llas）va r.-N ovemdecimpunctata Faldermaenn,but those were not remarkable effect.3.Regression equation of tendency percentage（Y） of Aphytis chrysomphali Merc.to number of whiteflies（X₁） and number of whitefly-damaged tea（X₂）:Y（?） =0.6976-0.0205X₁+0.0152X₂,(F=7742.8131＞F_0.01).While the number of whiteflies increased,the effect of whiteflies on Aphytis chrysomphali Merc.was increaed, however,when the number of whiteflies is 400,the effect could be boosted up to a highest exent.Y=0.0000571X₂+0.042287X+7.2,（R=0.97688,P＜0.01）.The effect of whiteflies-damaged tea has the same tendency,While the weight of whiteflies-damaged tea increased,the effect of whiteflies on Aphytis chrysomphali Merc.was increaed,when the weight of whiteflies-damaged tea is 3g,the effect could be boosted up to a highest exent.Y=-1.857X₂+12.02X-3.7,（R=0.98597,P＜0.05）.In the 12 volatile components emitted from tea,10-8g/ml Methyl salicylate has showed significant attracting effect on Aphytis chrysomphali Merc（P＜0.05）.10^-6g/ml Benzaldehyde、Indole、Acetic acid cis-3-Hexen-1-yl ester have showed significant attracting effect on Aphytis chrysomphali Merc（P＜0.05）,Methyl salicylate has showed significant attracting effect on Aphytis chrysomphali Merc（P＜0.01）,10^-4 g/ml Trans-2-Hexenal、Methyl salicylate、Benzaldehyde、Indole have showed significant attracting effect on Aphytis chrysomphali Merc（P＜0.05）。4.To Chrysopa sinica,3 different consistency of 12 volatile components emitted from tea,Linalool、Trans-2-Hexenal、Cis-3-Hexen-1-ol、Benzaldehyde、Methyl salicylate、Geraniol、Indole、Acetic acid cis-3-Hexen-1-yl ester、Methyl Jasmonate、Trans-2-Pentenal、Cis-2-Penten-1-ol、Acetophenone,10^-2g/ml Trans-2-Hexenal was the strongest（1.014±0.2588mv）.10^-4g/ml Indole、Methyl Jasmonate have the significant attracting effect on Chrysopa sinica.For other 10 volatile components,the effect was increased through the increase of concentration.In the same concentration,the effect of volatile components was different.Through the increase of concentration,this difference was larged.To sum up,volatile components emitted from tea was kairomone for the host selection behavior.To different nature enemies,the kairomone has different constituents and different concentration.更多还原