我国城乡和区域间普通教育发展不平衡的经济分析

【作者】 马圆圆；

【导师】 阎嘉陵；

【作者基本信息】 复旦大学 ， 劳动经济学， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 教育是人类社会一种重要的共同需求。个人利用教育来发展潜在能力,促进自我实现及对生活的适应;社会则利用教育来传递知识和发扬传统,促进社会的发展与进步。从经济学的角度看,教育是对国民经济具有全局性、先导性影响的基础产业。人类社会的发展从根本上说取决于生产力的发展,而劳动力是生产力中最活跃的因素,教育是实现生产力再生产的必要前提,是人力资本的重要基础之一,经济的发展对教育提出越来越高的要求。建国后,经过半个多世纪的努力,我国的教育事业飞速发展,但也存在着不容忽略的问题,其中,教育发展不平衡问题受到教育界和学术界的广泛关注。教育发展在城乡间和地区间的巨大差异,不但不利于教育公平,也损害着教育的效率。本文主要从经济学的视角,对我国城乡间、区域间教育发展不平衡问题进行探讨。文章分为五个部分:第一部分是引言,介绍了研究目的及意义、相关文献、研究对象及方法、数据来源及文章创新点;第二部分介绍了教育发展水平和发展差异的指标,包括联合国教科文组织、OECD、中科院等权威机构制定的指标和本文选取的指标;第三、四部分是文章的主体,分别对我国城乡间和区域间教育发展不平衡问题进行分析。首先采用大量数据,使用人均受教育年限、生均教育经费、教师负担学生数等指标对教育发展不平衡的现状进行度量,然后对影响教育发展不平衡的因素进行理论和实证分析(其中,对城乡间教育发展不平衡的因素分析主要从中国城乡二元结构的角度,对区域间不平衡的分析主要从教育供给和需求微观机制的角度);最后提出改善教育发展不平衡状况的对策:从长远来看,促进城乡间和区域间经济的平衡发展,缩小经济发展水平的差距是治本之策,短期着重于教育财政方面的努力。由于数据收集的困难以及本人知识所限,本文只是在前人的基础上,从经济学的视角对教育发展不平衡的问题做了粗浅的分析,未能全面度量和分析教育发展不平衡的各个方面及提出成熟的解决方案。更多还原

【Abstract】 Education is an important common demand of human being. People develop their potential and promote adaptation to life through receiving education; while the society shares knowledge and carries forward good tradition through education, that’s why the society is always making progress. From the view of economics, education is a fundamental industry which has an overall impact on national economy. In essence, the development of the society is the development of productive forces. Labor force is the most active factor building up productive force. Education is an important precondition to realize reproduction of productive forces. It is also a critical foundation of human capital. Therefore, the development of education should match the development of economy.Since new China was founded, the education industry in China has experienced fast development. However, there are still some shortcomings, in which educational inequality has been widely paid attention to by scholars. The huge gap between development level of education of rural and urban area and such gap among different regions is unfavorable for both equality and efficiency of education.This paper mainly discusses educational difference between rural and urban area and such difference among regions from the view of economics. The paper is divided into 5 parts: The first part is introduction, which introduces the purpose and significance of this research; the second part introduces indexes measuring educational development level and difference level, including indexes drafted by OECD and UNESCO; the third and fourth part is main body of this paper, which studies educational difference between rural and urban area and among regions respectively. First, measures the difference using a large amount of data; second, analyzes factors which impact these differences; third, puts forward proposals to reduce the differences. Because of the difficulty in collecting data, and also limited by author’s knowledge, this paper can not give a comprehensive measurement and analysis of educational difference in China.更多还原