论消费者的表达自由权

【作者】 张超；

【导师】 樊静；

【作者基本信息】 烟台大学 ， 法律， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 随着市场经济的不断发展,市场主体间的关系日渐复杂,以往的法律认识和规定日益显示出其局限性,消费者权利保护也面临新的语境。理论界与实务界需要重新审视其价值导向及目前法律规定的消费者权利范围和内容,有必要根据社会环境、市场经济的发展增加消费者权利保护的类型,扩充其内容,以更好的保护消费者权益。在本文中,笔者从消费者表达自由权含义及典型案例入手,分析了由于我国目前法律规定的缺位给消费者表达权带来的司法压抑,探讨了消费者表达自由权的法律价值:消费者享有表达自由权是消费者权利的性质决定的,是公民宪法权利发展的趋势,是法的价值的要求,是经济民主和消费者民主的必然趋势。同时,消费者表达自由权还有其经济价值:是“消费者主权”的表现,是消费者能够对抗巨型公司的必要武器,有助于增加消费者剩余、减少与经营者之间的信息不对称等。通过理论分析,笔者认为,消费者表达权具有“补偿性”价值,过分限制会造成“寒蝉效应”;消费者表达自由权在权利位阶中具有优先地位。在实践中,如果能够设立消费者表达自由权,可以保护消费者这一弱势群体,增强他们的话语权,有助于营建和谐的市场供需关系和消费者行使其他权利,使消费者的“知情权”“监督权”落到实处,有助于扩大内需,促进经济又好又快发展。在此基础上,笔者提出了制度建设:借鉴国际立法经验,侧重保护消费者权利;加强司法领域对消费者权利的保护:合理确定消费者表达权的边界,根据生活领域不同对消费者表达内容的真实程度作不同的要求,实行举证责任倒置,转变司法实践的一贯认识等,就如何切实保护消费者权利、特别是消费者表达权提出了制度化意见,以期能对目前的理论漠视和实践限制有所改观。更多还原

【Abstract】 Along with market economy’s unceasing development, relations between the market main body’s are more and more complex., the former knowledge and stipulation of law demonstrat its limitation, the consumer rights’protection also faces new linguistic environment. The theorists and the practical realm need to carefully examine its value guidance, and consumer rights’scope and the content of the present legal rule. It is necessary to increase the type of the consumer rights and expand its content according to the social environment , to protect the rights of consumer better.In this paper, the author expressed the meaning and the illustrative case of consumer free espression, analysised the constraining of practition on consumer expressing right because of the flaw of rule, discussed the law value of consumer free expreeion:it’s decided by the nature of customer rights, it’s tendence of citizen constitution right’s development, it’s requested by value of law, it’s inevitable trend of economic democracy and consumer democracy. At the same time,consumer free expression has economic value : it’s performance of“consumer sovereignty”,the neccesarry weapon to resist giant company,to increase“consumer surplus”and reduce the asymmetrical information between consumer and operator.Through analysis of thoery, the author believed that the consumer expressing right has redemptive value, excessive limit will creat“chilling effect”;it also has first status in right position step. In the praction, if the legislator stipulate it, it can protect this minority groups, enhance the consumer’s power of word , heip to build harmonious market supply and demand relations and exert other rights,land the“knowing rihght”and“supervisory right”on feet, help to increase domestic demand and promote the economy development better and faster.Based on this, the author proposed the system construction: according to experience of international legislation,protect consumer’s right stressly; enhance the protection in judicial domain: Determine the boundary of consumer expressing right reasonly, request the real degree of expression differently according to the living part ,inverse the responsibility of proofing,change the consistent understanding in judicial praction, put forward the proposal on how to protect the right of consumer ,especially the consumer expressing right ,expect this paper could change the ignoring of the present theory and the practice limit in now time .更多还原