【作者】 徐光辉；

【导师】 马新明；

【作者基本信息】 河南农业大学 ， 作物栽培学与耕作学， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 烟草是我国重要的经济作物,其面积和总产量居世界第一位。烟草的形态结构比较简单,从形态结构特征分析可知,烟草是由许多叶元构成的,而叶元由节间、节及其上的附属器官(如叶子)组成,所以烟草的生长也可理解为叶元的产生与生长过程。本文以2006、2007年两年的试验资料和广泛搜集的相关信息资料为基础,根据植物的结构与功能反馈机制,以生长周期(GC)为时间步长,叶元为结构单元,建立了烟草生长的生理生态和形态结构的模拟模型,包括生长发育模型、同化物生产模型、同化物分配和积累模型、器官形态构建模型等。基于烟草生长过程中叶元数增加与积温变化呈线性相关关系,生长发育模型进行烟草生育进程的预测:基于烟草地上部净同化物增加与生长周期的变化关系,同化物生产模型进行同化物的估算。依据2006年试验和气象数据分析,求得发育参数DR值为75.76(℃-1),形态构建参数包括叶和节间形态参数,基于器官形态构建原理和2006试验数据,求得叶形态参数ξb的值为0.045 g/ cm2,叶长与鲜重的关系k i为11.328,拟合系数r为0.4153,节间形态系数be随节位上升出现两个峰值,节间形态系数β随节间位置的上升而上升。为了验证模型,分别以2007年第12个GC和20个GC的试验数据对模拟结果分别进行比较,试验数据与模拟结果总体上比较吻合,相关系数在0.735以上。采用某一时刻烟草植株地上部总重与生物量的比例来计算地上部的分配指数,采用地上部各器官的重量与地上部总重的比例来计算地上部各器官的分配指数,并以分配指数和生物量为基础模拟了烟草各器官干物重的变化动态。首次构建了地上部、绿叶、茎、分配指数与生长周期之间的动态关系,从而较真实地展示了随着烟草生育进程植株各器官分配指数的连续变化规律,提高了模型的解释性和机理性。通过连续观测烟草叶片的叶绿素含量的变化,综合分析了烟草叶片叶绿素含量随生育进程的变化规律及其与RGB的关系,并构建了基于叶绿素含量的烟草叶色变化模拟模型。烟草叶片叶绿素含量随生育进程的变化在生长初期和生长成熟期符合二次曲线的规律,叶色变化的第二阶段叶片叶绿素含量基本保持不变,不同叶位叶片在此阶段的叶绿素含量与叶位呈线性关系。采用分段函数描述了叶片叶绿素含量随生长周期进程的动态变化过程,并用线性方程定量描述了叶片色素含量与RGB的定量关系,叶片色素含量预侧值的模拟值与实测值的相关系数均在0.763以上。本研究实现了农学与计算机技术的结合,所建立的烟草地上部器官形态模型不但有较强的生物学意义和较高的模拟精度,而且具有系统性、机理性的特点。本研究可与根系模型挂接,使作物模型的研究更加完整。也可做为构建烟草虚拟生长的理论依据。更多还原

【Abstract】 Tobacco is one of the important economic crops in china. Its area and total yield ranking first in the world. Its structure is relatively simple.Analysis of the structure indicates that tobacco is composed by many of architectural units.At the same time, the internode, the segmentl and on attached organ (for example leaf) composes the architectural unit.As a result, The growth of tobacco also be interpreted as the growth of architectural unit during the formation and growth.In this paper, based on the information of 2006 and 2007 years of test data and extensive collection of relevant information, according to plant structure and function of the feedback mechanisms, to the growth cycle GC for the time step, the structural unit of the architectural unit, a growth of tobacco Physiological ecology and morphology of the simulation model is made. The model is divided into development modules, the production of the assimilation module, the distribution of assimilation and accumulation of modules, Construction of organ morphology models and so on several sub-modules.Based on the linear correlation relations of the increased structural unit’s number and the accumulated temperature change in the tobacco growth process,the growth module carries on the forecast of the tobacco birth advancement.Based on the tobacco upside a net increase of assimilation products increase and the growth cycle change relations, the assimilation production module carries on the assimilation of the estimate products.The use of a particular moment of the tobacco plant above-ground biomass and total weight to calculate the proportion of the allocation for the department of the ground, using the proportion of various organs of the ground and the total weight to calculate upside various organs assignment index, and simulated various organs of the dynamic changes of the tobacco dry weight at the foundation of the assigned index and the biomass. The models have constructed the dynamic relations of upside, green leaf, stem, assignment index and growth cycle for the first time. Thus it had demonstrated precisely along with various organs assignment index continuously change rule of the tobacco growth process and enhanced the model of rational explanation and the mechanismBased on 2006 test and analysis of meteorological data obtained the value for the development parameters DR is 75.76(℃·d).Morphology construction parameter including leaf and internode shape parameter respectively. Based on the principle of organ morphology and 2006 test data obtained parameters of leaf morphologyξb is 0.045 g/ cm2,the value of k i and r are 11.328 and 0.4153 respectively. The internode shape coefficient appears two peak values along with the location of knots rise.βrises along with the internode position rise. In order to confirm the model, Comparison with the test data of 12th GC and 20th GC and the simulated result carry on the separately,the tentative data is as a whole consistent with the analogue result.Through continuous observation of content of tobacco leaf chlorophyll , Comprehensive analysis of the tobacco leaf chlorophyll content with the reproductive process of change and its relationship with the RGB,and Construct the simulation model of tobacco leaf color changes based on the chlorophyll content of . Chlorophyll content of tobacco leaves with the reproductive process of change in early growth period and growth of the early maturity and growth in line with the laws of the Second Curve. Chlorophyll content essentially unchanged in the second phase of leaf color changes. The leaf chlorophyll content and leaf position are linear relationship at this stage.Using segment function to describes the leaf chlorophyll content with the growth cycle process of dynamic change process. And use of linear equations quantitative description of the leaf pigment content and the quantitative relationship RGB. The correlation coefficient of simulated value and measured all above in 0.763 .Application of internationally commonly used method of tested model, to test the simulated result of tobacco morphology, the results show that, Simulation of tobacco to form a better performance parameters of the growth and development of tobacco,and has a good agreement with the measured data. All of these note the use of this model to simulate the growth of the tobacco process to be effective.更多还原