恢复性司法本土化问题研究

【作者】 吴洁；

【导师】 郝爱军；

【作者基本信息】 太原科技大学 ， 诉讼法学， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 恢复性司法是在通过恢复被犯罪人所破坏的社会关系,弥补被害人受到的损害以及恢复犯罪人与被害人及社区之间的和睦关系,并使犯罪人改过自新、复归社会的基础上建立起来的一系列制度,其起源可以追溯到前殖民时期,乃至更远。20世纪90年代以来,恢复性司法理论得到了蓬勃发展,并在英、美、德、法等国的司法实践中得到了推广应用,联合国等国际组织也制定了一系列相关文件以指导各国恢复性司法制度的建设。恢复性司法强调的是被害人、犯罪人与社区之间冲突的解决,侧重于满足需要和恢复正常的社会关系,而不是由国家采取对犯罪人的惩罚性措施。与报应性司法相比,恢复性司法作为刑事案件处理方式不仅有利于形成稳定的社会关系,而且合乎诉讼经济原则的要求,有利于提高诉讼效率。对于案件双方来讲,恢复性司法能够提升被害人在刑事追诉程序中的地位,也可以帮助加害人顺利地回归社会。今天,改革开放极大地促进了我国经济的繁荣和社会的发展,但也引发了人们价值观念的转变,这就要求刑事司法必须在公正与效率之间达到平衡。所以,我国的司法改革应将恢复性司法理论与我国的法律传统结合起来,使其实现本土化。但需要注意的是,在恢复性司法本土化的过程中,我们不仅要看到国外实践恢复性司法理念所取得的成果,更应当考虑我国现有的司法资源与法律实施现状,不可忽视自身条件进行盲目移植。在我国实现恢复性司法的本土化,应当从以下几方面进行构想:第一,必须明确,我国近年来出现的名为“刑事和解”的新型刑事司法模式尽管与恢复性司法在基本原则、价值追求等方面有着相似之处,但并不是完全意义上已经本土化的恢复性司法,仍然需要构建我国的恢复性司法制度。第二,恢复性司法制度的设计必须在我国现有的刑事诉讼框架下实现。也就是说,在选择案件处理方式时应该优先考虑适用恢复性司法程序,但对于不符合恢复性司法要求的案件,仍应当交由司法机关处理。第三,只要被害人、犯罪人和社区具备适用恢复性司法的条件,那么就可以适用恢复性司法程序,而不应对其适用的阶段进行限制。不过,在刑事司法过程的不同阶段,其适用的案件范围和模式亦不尽相同。第四,为保障恢复性司法更好地实现本土化,我们在对这一制度进行设想、构建的同时,也要注意对其他相关制度进行完善。具体而言,需要赋予恢复性司法程序以立法保障、赋予恢复性司法方案以明确的法律效力;需要在我国刑事诉讼法中建立附条件不起诉制度;针对目前人民调解制度在组织结构、人员素质以及相关法律规定等方面存在许多不足的情况,应逐步完善人民调解制度;应当加强社区建设,通过调整和强化社区自治组织和其他社区组织,重新整合社区资源并鼓励居民积极参与,培养居民处理公共事务的能力。更多还原

【Abstract】 Restorative Justice System is a series of systems based on restoring the destroyed society relation, making up the harm experienced by victim and restoring the harmony relations between offender, victim and community, helping the offenders in reforming and returning to the society. Restorative Justice dates from the early days in colonia1era, or even more remote times. Restorative Justice theories have flourished since the 70’s in 20th century and have been applied in judicial practice in Britain, America, Germany, France and other countries. The United Nations and other international organizations have also formulated a series of documents about Restorative Justice to guide the foundation of restorative justice system.The notion of Restorative Justice focus on solution of conflict between offenders, victim and community, emphasize on meeting the need and restore the normal society relation, instead of punishment taken by nation to offender. It is different from traditional criminal justice system, to some extent; it is a higher level regress of ancient justice model. Restorative Justice is one of the process modes for criminal case. It has plenty of sense for the settle of cases. Firstly, it is propitious to form stable social relations. Secondly, it accords with the requests of economical lawsuit, and be propitious to improve the efficiency of lawsuit. Thirdly, it is propitious to advance the station of victims in criminal proceedings. Fourthly, it is propitious to help offenders come back to society.Today’s reform and open policy has greatly promoted the prosperity of economics and the development of society of our country, and it has also changed people’s value, which requires that criminal justice reach balance between justice and efficiency. Therefore, the reform in criminal justice of our country should combine restorative justice theories with our country’s legal tradition and make it localized. In the process of Restorative Justice Localization, we should not only need to know the achievement about restorative justice abroad, but also need to calculate the legal resource and actuality of our country.If we want to carry out the Restorative Justice of localization, we should design it in four aspects as follows. Firstly, it is very important that there are several resemblances between the Victim-Offender Reconciliation-appears in our country in recent years-and Restorative Justice in fundamental principles, the pursue of purchase, and so on. But it is not the Restorative Justice of localization. We should establish our own Restorative Justice. Secondly, the design of Restorative Justice must be under the existing law. In other words, the priority should be given to the application of Restorative Justice Process, when we approach in the selection of cases. If the cases are not accord with the requests of Restorative Justice, they should be circulated in conventional process. Thirdly, we should not limit the action of the proceeding on Restorative Justice, and use it if the case accord with legal regulations. But the scope and solution of cases are different in each phase. Fourthly, for the better result in Restorative Justice of localization, we must pay attention to other related system perfect. Specifically, we need to give Restorative Justice process to be with the lawmaking guarantee, and give Restorative Justice project with the explicit legal effect, and establish non-prosecution of additional conditions in our criminal law. Because the Mediation System is deficient in organization structure and mediators’diathesis, we must consummate it in recent years. In addition, we should reinforce the construction of community, adjust and enhance the community autonomy organization and other community organization, integrate the community resources, encourage residents to participate actively, and train the ability of the residents to handle public business.更多还原