【作者】 何雷；

【导师】 唐世伟；

【作者基本信息】 大庆石油学院 ， 计算机应用技术， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 实际获得的图像一般都因受到某种干扰而含有噪声。引起噪声的原因有很多,如敏感元件的内部噪声、感光材料的颗粒噪声、热噪声、电器机械运动产生的抖动噪声、传输信道的干扰噪声、量化噪声等。这些噪声恶化了图像质量,使图像模糊,甚至淹没特征,给分析带来困难。图像去噪平滑的目的就是为了减少和消除图像中的噪声,以改善图像质量,有利于抽取对图像的特征进行分析。长期以来,人们已付出许多努力,设法利用边缘信息来寻找区域,进而实现图像的识别和解释分析。在不同的应用中,人们要实现的目标不同,因此对边缘的要求也不同,目标边缘、图像纹理甚至噪声都可能成为有意义的边缘。虽然目前已研究出不少图像去噪平滑的算法,但还没有一种普遍适用于各种图像的有效方法。因此,根据具体应用要求,设计新的图像去噪平滑方法或对现有的方法进行改进,以得到满意的边缘检测结果依然是目前图像处理中研究的热点之一。本文首先研究了经典的图像去噪平滑方法,线性及非线性滤波技术及其在图像去噪平滑中的应用,提出一种保持图像细节的自适应的去噪平滑算法,并通过理论分析以及仿真计算,比较了各种算法在图像去噪平滑中的优缺点。其次,对图像小波去噪相关算法进行研究,改进了一种中值滤波与小波去噪相结合的方法。最后,在此基础上,将改进和提出的各种算法应用到项目中,设计实现了相干切片断层多边形检测系统。通过实践验证:该系统检测出的断层多边形定位准确、连续、光滑、边缘细节丰富、边界呈单像素宽。该系统在油田地震勘探三维解释应用中取得良好检测效果,并提高了断层检测的精度和效率。更多还原

【Abstract】 The actual image was generally due to interference which contain some noise. Noise caused many reasons, such as sensitive components of internal noise, photosensitive materials particles noise, thermal noise, electrical mechanical movement generated jitter noise, transmission channel interference noise, quantization noise. These noise worsened the image quality, image blurring, and even submerged characteristics to the analysis difficult.Image denoising-smoothing objective is to reduce and eliminate the noise in the image, in order to improve image quality, to the characteristics of the images collected for analysis. For a long time, people have been paying many efforts to try to use the information to find the edge region, leading to the identification and interpretation of image analysis. In different applications, the people to achieve different objectives, and therefore also on the edge of the requirements of different targets marginalized, or even image texture noise may become a meaningful edge. Although many have developed image denoising-smoothing algorithm, but it does not have a generally applicable to all kinds of images effective way. Therefore, in accordance with the specific application requirements, design a new image denoising smoothing method or improve existing methods, in order to obtain satisfactory results still on the verge of image processing is a focus in the study.This paper firstly researched into the classic image denoising-smoothing method, and linear and non-linear filtering technology and its application in image denoising-smoothing, presented a self-adaptive denoising-smoothing algorithm which can maintain image details, and compared each algorithm’s advantages and disadvantages in image denoising-smoothing through theoretical analysis and simulation. Secondly, this paper improved the method of combining median filtering with wavelet denoising based on the research of the image wavelet denoising algorithm. Finally, on the basis of the above, the various algorithms, which were improved and presented, were applied into the project, and a coherent slice fault polygon detection system was designed and implemented. The result that the fault polygon detected out by the system was position accurate, continuous, smooth, rich details of the edge, and the border showing a single pixel width was verified through practice. The system achieved good test results in the explaining and application of 3D seismic in oilfield, and improved the precision and efficiency of fault detection.更多还原