【作者】 李英丽；

【导师】 刘晓艳；

【作者基本信息】 大庆石油学院 ， 地球化学， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 我们知道,石油是宝贵的自然资源,石油为国民经济的发展提供动力,但是它一旦进入环境就变成了污染物。有的学者研究发现,它里面所含的一些链烷烃、环烷烃、芳香烃和杂原子化合物具有致畸、致癌、致突变的潜在性。尤其是石油进入土壤后,不仅会对自然环境造成严重破坏,而且通过食物链危害人类的健康。因此,进行大庆地区油污土壤的生物修复实验研究具有重要的实际意义。本文通过实地考查,选取了大庆地区常见的植物用于研究油污土壤的植物修复;对于微生物修复则采用生物泥浆法,震荡24天之后分析各个因素对微生物修复的影响程度;而植物-微生物联合修复实验使用现场取样室内检测方法,对野外不同时间的落地原油进行分析研究。1.室内环境条件下植物修复油污土壤选用芦苇、香蒲、羊草等植物栽种于不同浓度的油污土壤中,定期取样分析土壤中石油类污染物的含量,并用气相色谱分析石油中各组分的降解情况。研究表明,植物对土壤中的石油污染物有降解作用,芦苇的吸收降解能力相对较强;植物对石油组分的降解速度都不尽相同,低分子量烷烃明显大于高分子量烷烃;随着植物的生长天数增加,土壤中石油有机质含量逐渐降低。2.微生物修复的室内模拟实验研究人工配制不同浓度的油污土,称取15g油污土样和150ml水配成浓度为9.09%的泥浆,放在空气浴震荡器中进行震荡,分析不同因素对微生物降解的影响。研究表明,温度对微生物降解效率的影响很大,最佳温度是40℃;微生物降解能力与营养物质之间无直接相关性,且表面活性剂的影响甚微。实验得出微生物降解的最佳条件为:营养物(N/P)的配比为10:1,电子受体H2O2量累积14ml,含水量50%。石油污染物浓度是影响微生物修复的重要因素,低浓度时对微生物降解影响不大,但高浓度则对微生物有一定的毒害作用。3.油污土壤综合降解作用实验与分析测试研究采集校内04年9月埋在不同地方的石油污染土样,送回实验室进行分析。研究表明,土壤中确实存在嗜油微生物,有机质含量相对上一年明显减少,有植物存在的地方,根际微生物活性增强,降解效果好于没有植物生长的地方。从气相色谱的定量分析上可以看出,正构烷烃的降解速度大于异构烷烃。更多还原

【Abstract】 As we know, oil is precious nature resource. It can be able to provide power for national economic, but if it came into environment, the oil may become contamination. Some scholars found that a number of compounds had potential of causing abnormal, causing cancer and causing mutation. These compounds included chain alkanes, cycloalkanes, aromatic hydrocarbon and mixed atom compounds. Especially, oil was brought into soil, it would not only destroy environment, but also made human health in danger by food chain. Therefore, the research was carried out on bioremediation experiment of oily soil in Daqing, which had important practical significance.The plants that familiar in Daqing area are taken to study the phytoremediation of oily soil through seeing about on the spot in this paper. The method of bioslurry was adopted for microbial remediation, and every factor was analyzed about the influence degree to microorganism after twenty four days shaking. As for plant-microorganism combined bioremediation experiment, we made sampling on locale but measured in a laboratory to research ground oil that placed outdoor in different time.1. Phytoremediate oily soil in condition of indoor environmentThe plants such as cattail, phragmite and leymus chinensis and so on were growed in different concentration oily soil. We would collect the soil every other time for analyzing the content of petroleum contamination and the degradation circumstances of every compound in oil by gas chromatography. The results indicated that the plants had degradation effect to petroleum in soil. Cattail had more degradation ability relatively. The degradation speed to every compound of petroleum was different from each other, in other words, the speed of alkanes that have low molecular weight was obviously quickly than ones have high molecular weight. With the increasing of growth days, the content of petroleum organic matter reduced gradually.2. Simulative experiment study of microbial remediation in laboratoryIn this experiment, oily soil needs to be confected by handwork. 15g soil sample was weighted and 150ml water was measured, mixed them up and then turned into slurry whose concentration was 9.09%. These samples were put in an oscillator of air bath to vibrate, and were analyzed the influence of vary factors about microbial remediation. The results indicated that temperature had a great effect to microbial remediation efficiency, optimal temperature was 40℃. The degradation ability of microbe had no direct relativity with nutrition matter, and the infection of surfactant was extremely tiny. The experiments concluded that the best experimental conditions were: the proportion of nutrition (N/P) was ten to one, electron accepter (H2O2) was cumulated to 14ml, containing water 50%. Petroleum contamination concentration was an important factor, though petroleum of low concentration had not great significance, petroleum of high concentration had a certain extent poison function for microbe. 3. Experimental research and analyze on integrative degradation effect of oily soilOily soil samples that buried in different places on 2004 year and September month were gathered, and then the samples were sent back to laboratory for analyzing. The investigation suggested that there were microbes indulged in petroleum, and the content of organic matter lessen evident than last year. The places in which had plants grew were suitable to exist for rhizosphere microbes, and the activity of these microbes were strengthened, so degradation effect was better than the places where had no plants. From the quantitative analysis of gas chromatography, we know that the degradation speed of n-alkane bigger than iso-paraffins.更多还原