【作者】 李学军；

【导师】 胡玉双； 刘杰烈；

【作者基本信息】 大庆石油学院 ， 地质工程， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 本文应用地质图、地形图、地物图、表层调查图等图件,实地踏勘,调查地物地貌和地质露头,分析不同区域的沉积物特点,运用地质学和地貌学知识,对临江南地区进行近地表沉积规律研究,分析表层结构的特点,影响地震资料分辨率的不同方面,确定了近地表沉积四个因素。从研究结果来看,临江南工区受松花江的河流地质作用形成了河流地貌,河流地质作用方式、沉积时间、沉积物、沉积连续性四个因素的不同形成了现在的不同类型表层结构,根据沉积特点将工区划分成4个区域:江湾河套区、河套平原区、高岗平台区和岗坡地,通过激发接收,在表层干扰、吸收衰减、激发岩性、虚反射、接收耦合等方面,增强了地震资料的干扰,降低了有效信号的能量,尤其是高频信号,对地震资料分辨率产生了影响。近地表沉积的四个因素相互联系、相互影响,其中表层沉积时间长短决定了表层的压实效果,进而影响地震资料的分辨率,其他因素在本工区影响相对较小。本文还提出了一些地震采集资料的分析方法,和一种较为成熟的提高采集分辨率的小药量多井组合的施工方法。更多还原

【Abstract】 In this paper, the sediment characteristics of variant areas are analyzed based on the charts of the geology, topographty, region and surface survey. The orderliness of the surface sediment in southern Linjiang is researched using the geology and topographer to analyze the characteristics of the surface structure and variant affects of seismic resolution, and four factors affecting near surface sediments are defined. The river physiognomy including the mode of river geology, sediment time, sediment and depositing continuity formed by the geologic affect of Songhua river, comes into being the various surface structure at present. The project is divided into four zones based on the characteristic of the sediments, including the river gulfs, river plains, high flat-roof and sloping lands, which increases the interfering of seismic data and deceases the energy of the effective signals in surface interfering, absorbing attenuation, exploding lithology, pseudo reflection and received coupling.Four factors of near surface sediments is interdependently and interact, whose time of surface sediments decides on the solidness of surface so as to affect the resolution of seismic data. The effects of the factors else is very little.Some analysis methods, such as the seismic acquisition data and the construction that is little dynamite and shot-well combination to improve the resolution of seismic acquisition are put forward.更多还原