遥感数字影像处理在三维地形地貌可视化中的研究与应用

【作者】 邹循进；

【导师】 陈孝威；

【作者基本信息】 贵州大学 ， 计算机应用技术， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 随着遥感数据的空间、光谱、时间和辐射分辨率的不断提高,遥感科学的迅猛发展,以及遥感信息提取数字影像处理算法的不断改进,我们从遥感数据中提取定量信息的能力大大提高,这些信息逐渐成为我们用于理解自然和人文生态系统的空间分布模型的重要参数。三维真实感地形图能够逼真地反映外部真实世界,在地理信息系统、数字城市、军事领域具有广泛的应用价值。而三维真实感地形的建立,就需要大量真实遥感数据的支持,两者的有机结合,能够产生高真实感的三维地形地貌。本文以教育部春晖计划——“基于网格的喀斯特地区数字博物馆的基础研究”为背景,结合遥感数字影像处理,研究三维真实感地形的建模和可视化方法。研究了多比例尺综合和多细节层次(Levels Of Detail,LOD)地形绘制算法及行列均匀地形绘制算法,提出了基于三角平面对象的行列均匀地形绘制算法。结合OpenGL索引顶点、显示列表、视觉裁减等技术,提高地形绘制算法的执行效率。利用中巴卫星提供的遥感影像获得梵净山地区的高度图,初步完成梵净山地区的地形绘制。在多波段遥感数据融合的过程中,研究了加权平均融合法、金字塔融合法、HIS变换融合。并提出了,基于最佳指数因子的交互式权值图像融合算法。通过计算最佳指数因子,确定融合的三个最佳波段,交互式的指定权值,加权融合到RGB三个通道。实现了真彩图,空间域及频率域图像处理,如图像增强、滤波等。在海量地形绘制方面,提出基于多任务的分块等分辨率地形实时绘制算法,使用多线程实现不同分块的并行绘制。由于分块间的分辨率相同,不存在裙边裂缝问题,独立绘制的分块在绘制后拼合与海量同时绘制效果相同,解决了模型转换时的图像跳跃缺陷。实验显示本算法执行效率快,地形绘制效果良好。基于RGB位平面,研究了大幅纹理图的映射技术,采用了基于颜色材质的块匹配方法。初步完成了梵净山地区的高真实感地形绘制。最后,使用Visual Studio.Net 2005开发了遥感影像处理软件:RmtSenImageProc。更多还原

【Abstract】 Along with the increase of remote sensing technology and digital image processing arithmetic, the resolving power of space, spectrum and radiation are more and more detailed the capability of us distilling information from remote sensing image developed fast, these information are important parameters of space model in many fields.The rendering of 3D terrain scene is playing a key role in many research fields such as virtual reality, geographic information system and simulation system, etc. It’s third dimension can not be replaced by other way. As we know the build of third dimension scene needs a lots of real remote sensing images, theirs combination is one efficient way to high third dimension.This paper combines digital image processing with the ChunHui program of Ministry ofEducation------"The Basic Research about Digital Museum of Karst Topography Based on GirdingTechnology", investigates modeling and visual arts of 3D terrain scene.The LOD (levels of detail) algorithm is researched. We bring up one way of terrain rendering based on vertex stack. Using the display-list and face-cut can improve the efficiency of the rendering. The methods of gaining the height fields from the remote sensing images supplied by the China and Brazil Earth Resource Satellite are described. The rendering of the region around the FanJingShan is preliminarily realized by using the technologies discussed above.In the field of great terrain rendering, the real-time, multi-tasks and blocking terrain rendering based on same distinguish is put forward. Because of same distinguish there are no cracks among blocks. The final sense is no different between great-block and multi-blocks. The exercise proves that this method is fast and working well.During the process of multi-wave-band images amalgamation, weighted arithmetic average method, pyramid method and PCA (principal component analysis) method are analyzed. We bring up alternating weighted average method of image amalgamation based on RGB bit planes. We choose three wave band images according to OIF (optimum index factor), alternate weight, and assign to RGB bit planes. We realized true color image processing both in space domain and frequency domain. Such as image enhance and filter.A framework based on RGB bit planes is established to manage the texture partitions and the corresponding terrain blocks. We elementarily realize real-time rendering of the region around the FanJingShan.更多还原