【作者】 胡生会；

【导师】 耿广东； 唐成斌；

【作者基本信息】 贵州大学 ， 农业推广， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 本论文通过对安顺市冬季稻田的利用现状调查,搜集冬季稻田栽培蚕豆的种植方式、种植面积、产量情况等资料并进行统计分析,评价冬季稻田免耕蚕豆的增产增效作用以及环境条件、土壤肥力、作物品种和种植密度对复合增产增效的作用。同时,在环境条件较好的地块,以1个对复合增产增效作用较好的蚕豆品种为试材,研究免耕栽培方式下蚕豆生长状况、成熟期、产量、品质、土壤含水量、土壤肥力、土壤微生物种群和数量与耕作栽培方式的差异;以及在免耕栽培方式下密度对蚕豆的增产作用。其研究结果如下:(1)通过调查、搜集安顺市冬季稻田栽培蚕豆的种植方式、种植面积、产量等情况,得出环境条件因素对免耕蚕豆具有符合增产增效作用。土壤肥力好的地块,施肥水平高的地块,能提高蚕豆的产量;相同的品种,不同的密度条件下进行免耕栽培,其蚕豆的产量差异比较大。(2)在免耕栽培下,30.30万株/hm~2为最佳密度,其密度下的产量最高。免耕栽培能使蚕豆的开花初期、结荚初期提前,免耕栽培能提高蚕豆的百粒重。免耕栽培与耕作栽培相比,平均产量相差439 kg/hm~2,免耕栽培能提高蚕豆产量。(3)免耕栽培方式与耕作栽培方式对土壤水分和土壤pH值的影响差异不大,但免耕栽培方式能提高土壤有机质、碱解氮、速效磷和速效钾的含量。免耕栽培方式下蚕豆的品质有所改善。(4)在现有生产水平下,冬季稻田种植蚕豆可比油菜增收318元/亩。免耕蚕豆与耕作蚕豆相比,其平均亩产仅差1公斤,但免耕栽培可减少劳力的投入,并且其栽培方式能提高土壤肥力,改善土壤生态环境,蚕豆的品质也得到了改善,因此,冬季稻田免耕蚕豆具有明显的增产增效作用。更多还原

【Abstract】 In the present study, the effects of winter broad bean cultivation pattern of multiple cropping system in non-tillage rice fields, environmental conditions, soil fertility, crop varieties and planting density on increasing yield and efficiency were researched based on investigating the using status of winter rice fields, and collecting cultivation patterns, areas and field in the city of Anshun. One best broad bean variety and good living place were selected to study growth states of broad bean, maturity period, yield and quality, water content and soil fertility, microbial community and number under non-tillage cultivation pattern, compared to those of tillage cultivation. The influence of planting density on yield was studied under non-tillage cultivation manner too. The main results were as follows.Increasing yield and efficiency effects of environmental conditions on winter broad bean cultivation patterns of multiple cropping systems in non-tillage rice field were researched through investigating the cultivation patterns, cultivation areas and yield. The results showed that the field of broad bean rose in the fertile fields. For the same cultivar, there lay large difference in broad bean yield under non-tillage cultivation pattern due to different planting densities.The field was the highest with the planting density of 0.303 million plants / ha in non-tillage rice field. Non-tillage cultivation pattern could lead to early blossom and fruiting, and enhanced weight of 100 seeds of broad bean. The field under non-tillage cultivation manner was 439 kg/hm~2 higher than that of tillage cultivation.Effects of non-tillage cultivation and tillage cultivation on soil water content and pH were little. Compared to tillage cultivation, non-tillage cultivation could increase the content of organic matters, alkali-hydro nitrogen, available phosphor and potassium. The quality of broad bean was improved under non-tillage cultivation pattern.The pattern of planting broad bean in rice fields can increase 318 RMB/mu than the pattern of planting cole. The output of broad bean on non-tillage cultivation pattern was 1kg/mu less than tillage cultivation. But non-tillage cultivation pattern decreased the cost of labour, and it increased soil fertility and soil entironment. The quality of broad bean was increased too. The effects of winter broad bean .cultivation pattern of multiple cropping system in non-tillage rice fields on increasing yield and efficiency were great.更多还原