【作者】 孙军平；

【导师】 薛涛； 何力；

【作者基本信息】 贵州大学 ， 材料学， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 包装材料经常被用来直接接触包装物,当包装熟食、糖果等营养丰富的物品容易引起包装材料上微生物的生长繁殖。另外,由于商品仓储过程中一般是集中堆放,空气流通性差,环境湿度大,也容易引起包装材料感染微生物。因此抗菌塑料在食品、糖果、蔬菜等营养丰富的物品包装领域应用十分适宜。纳米ZnO和纳米SiO₂新型抗菌剂,具有广谱的杀菌抗菌效能、耐热性高、安全性好、持续性好、价格便宜、使用方便,在杀菌除臭、预防疾病、美化环境方面日益受到人们的重视。在包装材料中,聚乙烯（PE）具有原料来源丰富、合成工艺简单、价格低、加工性能好等特点,应用十分广泛。用纳米ZnO和改性SiO₂粒子填充PE树脂,制得具有抗菌功能的复合材料极具市场前景。本论文选用了两种抗菌剂:改性ZnO抗菌剂、和改性SiO₂（SYJ-W-SiO₂二氧化硅接枝季铵盐）抗菌剂,其中改性SiO₂（SYJ-W-SiO₂）复合粉体是通过工艺优化自制而得的抗菌剂。实验研究了两种抗菌剂的性能,并将其应用到聚合物PE中制成了抗菌薄膜。重点做了以下几方面的工作:1.在纳米粒子的分散方面,做了一定的研究,讨论了几种因素对分散的影响,找到了合适的分散方法。2.在LDPE膜中分别添加表面改性的ZnO与自制的纳米复合抗菌剂SYJ-W-SiO₂进行性能的测试,研究结果表明,当抗菌剂粉体的添加量为PE的1%时,PE抗菌塑料的具有优异、长效的抗菌性能,其对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的抗菌率均达到92%以上,并且对大肠杆菌的抗菌效果要优于金黄色葡萄球菌。3.在纳米粒子达到纳米级分散的基础上,对影响薄膜力学性能和光学性能的因素进行了研究,结合材料的微观结构和宏观性能的关系,摸索出了合理的配比,研究结果表明纳米粒子的添加量为1%的时候对薄膜力学性能有所提高,细化了PE的晶体。4.在捏合-单螺杆挤出法和双螺杆挤出法两种方法制备抗菌母粒的共混工艺中,实验结果表明采用捏合-单螺杆挤出法制备抗菌母粒,再将其添加到PE中制成抗菌薄膜的方法最可行,制成的抗菌薄膜抗菌效果最好。添加抗菌母粒制备抗菌塑料的方法能够使抗菌剂集中并均匀的分散在基体树脂的表面,并对基体树脂的力学性能不会产生明显的影响。更多还原

【Abstract】 Packing material is usually used to packing thing directly.Packing nourishments such as cooked food and candy etc.can cause the packing material being polluted by microorganism easily.Moreover in the warehouse things usually were heaped up together,the air circulates badly,the environment degree of humidity is big,it can also cause packing material being infected by microorganism easily.Therefore anti-virus plastics being used for packing the nourishments,such as:food,candy and vegetable etc.is very fitable.Nano-ZnOand nano-SiO₂ have good function with anti-virus,anti-mildewed, anti-deodorization etc.They are currently being studed by more and more peopre. They have various functions:super and strong anti-various effects,heat resisting,high safety coefficient,high service quality.In the meantime they have function to defend mildewed,deodorization,super getting close to surface water effect etc.In this paper,we chose two antimicrobial agents:ZnO antimicrobial agent、SiO₂（SYJ-W-SiO₂） composite antimicrobial agent.The SYJ-W-SiO₂ composite antimicrobial agent powder was self-prepared by optimization technology.The experiment studied on the antimicrobial activity of the two antimicrobial agents,and we applied them to the polymer film to prepare antimicrobial plastic films.Compared with other plasticses,PE have abundant raw material source,a craft synthesize,the price is low and process is simple etc.It is applied very extensively.Fill PE with the nano-ZnO or nano-SiO₂,anti-virus function of the compound material can be made,It can be used extensively has much market foreground.Making use of this characteristics,in this text the author fill the nano-powder into the LLDPE film, make some works as follows:1.In nano-powder Scattering aspect,I do some reaserch:discuss severalfactor, which can cause the scattering influence,find out a suitable dispersion method, Basically,nano-powder is dispersed into polymer with a average of nano class.2.Fill the LDPE film with nan-ZnO and self-made SYJ-W-SiO₂ respectively then carry on the test of the function of compound material.The results showed that, PE antimicrobial plastics showed high rate of properties to prices by adding 1% antimicrobial agents,and had excellent and long-acting antibacterial activities.Their antibacterial rates were all above 92%against Escherichia.Coli and Staphylococcus. Aureus,also the antibacterial effect against Escherichia.Coli was better than that of Staphylococcus.Aureus.3.With a dispersion of nano-class,I carry on a research to the factor that influence the thin film mechanics function and optical function,combined with the tiny view structure of the material and the relation of the macroscopic function, conclude the reasonable ratio and craft condition.The results showed that,the force function of PE antimicrobial plastic films had a little increasing by adding 1% antimicrobial agents,and PE crystal had been thinned.4.We chose two methods to prepare antimicrobial masterbatches:mediate -single screw extrusive method and twin screw extrusive method.The results showed that the best way was adopted mediate-single screw extrusive method to prepare antimicrobial masterbatches,then applied the antimicrobial masterbatches to polyethylene to prepare antimicrobial plastic films.The antimicrobial plastics had the best antimicrobial effect by this way.The method of preparing antibacterial plastic by adding antibacterial masterbatches could bring antimicrobial agent concentrated and symmetrical to the surface of matrix resin,and the mechanical property of matrix resin was not affected.更多还原