欧盟食品安全法律制度研究

【作者】 蒋维永；

【导师】 邓纲；

【作者基本信息】 西南政法大学 ， 国际法学， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 古谚有云:民以食为天。食物是人类赖以生存和发展的基本物质条件,而食品安全是食品质量的最重要组成部分。食品安全关系到广大人民群众的身体健康乃至生命安全,关系到国家经济发展和社会稳定,也关系到政府形象。然而,随着科技的发展和进步,市场经济自身已经无法有效地保护食品安全,产生“市场失灵”,食品安全事件在近年来也频繁发生,食品安全迫切需要官方采取各种手段予以干预。与此同时,在全球化趋势下,食品安全问题也已然成为一个世界性问题。在食品安全法律制度的构建和运行上,欧盟已经达到一定的高度和水平,值得我们借鉴和学习。因此,研究欧盟食品安全法律制度具有一定的理论价值和实践意义。全文共分为六个部分。第一部分引言,主要探讨了食品、食品安全的定义,介绍食品安全问题的重要性及其立法需求。该部分随后分析了选择研究欧盟食品安全法律制度的原因,简要介绍了其立法状况以及我国对欧盟食品安全法律制度的研究现状。第二部分欧盟食品安全法律体系,即静态的立法。该部分首先回顾了欧盟食品安全立法进程,将欧盟食品安全立法划分为两个阶段;其次,该部分梳理了欧盟食品安全法律体系的构成,并重点阐述了几部重要的立法,包括“食品安全绿皮书”、“食品安全白皮书”、欧盟第178/2002号法规等;再次,笔者对欧盟食品安全立法上所体现出来的特点加以分析;最后,笔者简单阐述了欧盟食品安全法律制度的基本原则。第三部分欧盟食品安全组织保障及实施机制。在组织保障方面,简单介绍了欧盟食品安全法律制度中决策、执行和咨询机构的相关职能及运作方式,即欧盟委员会、食品和兽医办公室(FVO)和欧洲食品安全局等;而在法律制度实施机制上,欧盟食品安全法律制度中有几个重要的实施保障机制,包括风险评估机制、欧盟食品及饲料快速预警系统、可追溯制度、“危害分析和关键控制点”体系等。第四部分欧盟食品安全法律制度实施现状及评价,着重阐述了欧盟食品安全法律制度具体是如何施行的,包括对内、对外两个方面,以及执行WTO的相关协议等,涉及的是法律的动态运行问题;对欧盟食品安全法律制度的评价则从欧盟食品安全立法和现实运行的角度对其进行深入剖析,归纳出该制度所体现出来的一些特点,为后文谈对我国的借鉴打下基础。在完成对欧盟食品安全法律制度的介绍和评价后,文章的第五部分则引入了我国如何借鉴欧盟食品安全法律制度、完善自身立法的问题。该部分首先阐述了我国食品安全法律制度的现状,重点分析了立法和执法中存在的许多问题并进一步进行了分析;该部分进而谈到了我国应当在哪些方面借鉴欧盟食品安全法律制度,确立和完善我国相关制度及其实施保障机制,为我国如何构建新的食品安全体系提出了一些建议,包括《食品安全法(草案)》如何进行进一步完善等。第六部分为结语。更多还原

【Abstract】 There is an old Chinese saying goes that "the people can’t live without food". Food is the foundation of the survival and development of human, and food safety is the most critical part. Food safety relates to the health and life safety of people, the economic development and social stability of the nation, and also to the images of government and country. However, with the development of technology, the market economy itself is not able to insure the safety of food, which causes the "market malfunction". Incidents of food safety happen frequently, which needs the measures and intervention of the government. At the meantime, the food safety is becoming a global problem. Regarding with the construction and operation of food safety legal system, the European Union stands a high level, from where China should learn a lot. Therefore, the research of EU’s food safety legal system obtains certain theoretical and practical values.This article is divided into six parts.PartⅠis the introduction, which mainly explores the definition of food and food safety, introducing the importance and legislation need of food safety. Further more, this part analyses the reason why we should rearch on EU’s food safety, makes general introduction of its legislation and the status quo of legal system research on EU’s system.PartⅡexplores EU’ legal system of the food safety, that is, the static legislation. The author firstly makes a retrospection on EU’s food safety legislation, which can be divided into two stages; secondly, the author elaborates on the formation of EU’s food safety legislation, by focusing on several important legislations, which are Green Paper on Food Safety, White Paper on Food Safety, Regulation 178/2002 (EU) ; thirdly, the author makes exploration on the characteristics of EU’s legislation on food safety; finally, the author introduces the basic principle of EU’s legislation on food safety.PartⅢcontains the safeguard mechanism of the enforcement of EU’s food safety. On the organizational safeguard, the author states the decision-making, execution and operation of advisory organization in EU’s food safety legislation, including EU committee, FVO and European Food Safety Authority; on the law enforcement mechanism, there are several important mechanisms in EU’s food safety legal system, including Risk Evaluation Mechanism, Rapid Alert System on Food and Feed, Traceable Mechanism, Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point.PartⅣmakes evaluation of EU’s food safety legal system, the author elaborates on the execution of EU’s food safety legal system from both domestic and foreign prospects, as well as the execution of WTO agreements, which mostly concerns the dynamic operations. The evaluation starts with the analysis of EU’s food safety legislation and operation, makes conclusion of the characteristics of the system, lying the foundation of China’s reference.After finishing the introduction and evaluation of EU’s food safety legal system, PartⅤexplores on the China’s reference of EU’s experiences. The author firstly analyses the status quo of food safety legislation in China, with its main focus on the problems in the legislation and enforcement. Furthermore, the author explores the exact places where references can be made, and makes suggestions to the new food safety system, including the amendment to the Food Safety Law.PartⅥis the conclusion.更多还原