【作者】 李豪浩；

【导师】 张贵才；

【作者基本信息】 中国石油大学 ， 油气田开发工程， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 在提高石油采收率的研究中,泡沫以其独特的渗流和驱油性能越来越受到人们的重视。但泡沫体系的起泡能力及泡沫的稳定性往往会受到地层温度、水质矿化度及原油等的影响。论文以起泡剂的发泡能力和半衰期为主要参数,用Waring Blender法对常用的起泡剂进行初选。同样的方法再对初选出的起泡剂进行抗盐、抗温、抗油性能评价之后,优选出一种性能良好的起泡剂TAS,通过对聚合物稳泡效果评价,筛选出了适合油田控水和驱替要求的聚合物稳泡剂CMC,并确定了聚合物泡沫体系0.2%TAS+0.15%CMC;并对非增粘性稳泡剂进行了评价,稳泡效果不理想;与OP系列进行复配,泡沫性能还不如纯的起泡剂的效果好,与其他类型的非离子型表面活性剂复配的工作还有待进一步研究。在氮气泡沫驱替试验中,主要工作是研究了氮气泡沫在多孔介质渗流过程中的影响因素,主要从渗透率、注入速度、压力、气液比等方面进行实验并对结果进行分析。实验结果表明,泡沫质量在50%～75%,对应的气液比为1:1～3:1时,渗流阻力较大;当气液比1:1、注入流速0.6mL/min时,泡沫在多孔介质中的渗流阻力因子随着渗透率的增大而增大,渗透率越大则阻力系数越大,两者之间呈较好的线性。泡沫具有很好的渗透率选择性,并且流度随着渗透率的增大而减小。又研究了氮气泡沫在多孔介质中的稳定性试验,设定气液比2:1,90℃条件下,3根岩心管的阻力因子分别为206.31、213.48和220.58,即岩心管的渗透率为1.1066μm~2～1.1356μm~2时,注入泡沫的压差是注水压差的200倍以上,3根岩心管分别在50天、70天和90天后首次注水的封堵率分别为98.41%、96.81%和91.57%,下降幅度不大,说明泡沫的稳定效果很好。本文的研究不仅丰富了泡沫驱体系和理论,而且具有现场指导意义和实际应用价值。更多还原

【Abstract】 Of the studies on EOR,foam attracts more and more attentions due to its unique charact -eristics,however,the foaming ability and stability of foam system always are afected by such factors as formation temperature, salinity of water and existence of crude oil.This paper utilizes Waring Blender method to evaluate the performance of foaming agent such assalt-resisting,oil-resisting and temperature-resisting,then screens out one excellent foaming agents TAS.This paper screens out foam stabilizer for polymer CMC applicable for water-control and flooding oil in oil-fields and also determines polymer foam system 0.2%TAS+0.15%CMC by evaluating effect and behaviors of polymer foam stabilizer such as salt-resisting, oil-resisting and temperature-resisting; meanwhile this paper studies the non-viscosifying foam stabilizers were evaluated.The performance of these stabilizers were not satisfying. The performance of combination system of those stabilizers and OP surfactant was worse than that of pure foamer.The main work of core test was to study factors that effect flow of nitrogen foam in porous media.The results show that flow drag was great when foam quality was 50～75% and gas quid ratio was 1:1～3:1. Drag coefficient had a good linear with permeability when gas quid ratio was 1:1 and displacing velocity was 0.6ml/min.The foam has a good permeability -selectivity as velocity decrease with permeability’s growth. The stability of Nitrogen foam, in porous media was tested on three cores with permeability ranging between 1.1066μm~2～1.1356μm~2. Drag coefficient of the foam with gas quid ratio of 2:1 in the three cores is 206.31,213.48 and 220.58, respectively, at 90℃. Plugging rate of the first waterflooding after 50, 70 and 90 days was 98.41%, 96.81% and 91.57%, respectively, which shows that the foams is stable.The foam system has been studied enrich the theory of foam flooding and has important practical application value and social benefit更多还原