【作者】 孙秋分；

【导师】 刘展； 林峰；

【作者基本信息】 中国石油大学 ， 地图制图学与地理信息工程， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 真三维是当前三维可视化技术研究的重点和难点,特别是多源、异构、多尺度的地学数据特征对具有真三维数据结构的三维可视化模型提出了更高要求,模型不仅要满足复杂地质空间的三维展示要求,还应支持地质空间分析。地学三维可视化由两部分内容组成,即地质实体可视化与地质场可视化。地质实体可视化是指包含地层、岩体、地质构造的空间形态的可视化;地质场可视化是指密度、孔隙度、电阻率、视磁化强度等地质属性空间分布特征的三维可视化。长期以来,人们忽略了地质场的三维可视化研究,已有的各种三维模型不适合地质场的三维表达,不能满足地质勘探的业务需求。为此,本论文对地质实体可视化与地质场可视化的理论与技术进行了详细的研究。有效的与地质、地球物理专业相结合。1.提出了基于多尺度空间体元(Multi-Scale Spatial Voxel Volume)的真三维可视化实体模型地学三维可视化的核心内容是数据模型,针对面模型、实体模型、面体混合模型等经典三维可视化建模方法在地学应用中的不足,在综合研究地质实体建模与地质场建模的础上,本文提出了基于多尺度空间体元(Multi-Scale Spatial Voxel Volume,下文简称M-S SVV)的真三维可视化实体模型,完善了M-S SVV的理论模型及数学定义,探讨了基于M-S SVV模型的地学空间分析,研究了数据体切片、地层分析、虚拟钻孔、地学度量等空间分析技术,为复杂地质体、地质场三维模型的建立、展示及空间分析建立了基础,有效的解决了地学数据的多源异构、多尺度问题。2.讨论了地质体与地质场的建模方法基于M-S SVV模型,初步建立了地层、岩体等复杂地质体的三维可视化建模方法;初步建立了视密度、视磁化强度等地质场的三维可视化建模方法。详细论述了地层三维建模、地质场信息提取、体元构建、地质实体模拟算法等关键技术,实现了相关算法,开发了相关程序,通过理论模型和实测数据的建模实验,验证了M-S SVV模型对复杂地质体、地质场的表征能力及适应性。3.探讨了基于多尺度长方体元的M-S SVV的三维可视化技术研究基于OpenGL的三维可视化技术,制定了三维可视化方案,设计了可视化模式。通过对各种模型的分析研究,为了解决地学数据的多尺度空间表达问题,提出了以多尺度长方体方式实现M-S SVV三维可视化的方法,并建立了空间规则网格--多尺度长方体的混合模型,以增强三维效果。4.开发了三维建模与可视化软件设计开发了基于M-S SVV模型的三维建模与可视化软件,基本实现了复杂地质体、地质场的三维建模与可视化,并对三维环境中的交互空间剖切技术、动态虚拟钻孔技术、地层分析技术、体元化技术等关键技术进行了分析研究,使软件不但具备了传统的三维空间描述功能,更拥有了快速的三维建模、可视化及空间分析功能。通过实际地质资料的三维建模与可视化的应用研究,表明M-S SVV模型对地学数据有良好的适应性,能很好的满足地学空间的多尺度表达及分析的需求,为地学数据的展示、分析提供了一种有效的方法,能够为地质、地球物理等专业分析及建模提供基本的服务。更多还原

【Abstract】 Real 3D is the emphasis and difficulty of current 3D visualization research, especially the characteristics of geologic data which is multi-source,different structure, multi-scale put forward higher demands to 3D visualizing model which has real 3D data structure,and the model not only meets the demands of 3D display of complex geological space, but also supports geologic spatial analysis.Geological 3D visualization comprises two parts, that are geological entity visualization and geological field visualization. Geological entity visualization is that the visualization which contains the spatial shape of stratum, rock, and geological structure, and geological field visualization is that the visualization of spatial distributing characteristics of geological attributes, such as density, porosity, resistivity, view magnetization and so on. For a long time, people neglect the 3D visualization study of geological field, so all kinds of existent 3D models are not suitable for the 3D expression of geological field and can not meet the professional demands of geology and exploration. As a result, the paper did a detailed study on the theory and technology of geological entity visualization and geological field visualization, combining with geology and geophysics effectively.1. Putting forward real 3D visualizing entity model based on Multi-Scale Spatial Voxel Volume (M-S SVV for short).The key content of geological 3D visualization model is data model, aiming at resolving the deficiencies that facial model, entity model, mixed model, and other classic 3D visualization model methods encountered in the application of the geologic 3D visualization, and this paper proposed the real 3D visualizing entity model based on the M-S SVV, which perfected the theoretical model and the mathematical definition of M-S SVV, discussed geologic spatial analysis,and studied spatial analytical technology such as data cutting, geological layer analysis,virtual drilling and geological calculation, established the foundation for building, displaying,and spatial analysis of 3D model of complex geological body and geological field, and solved the problem about multi-source, different structure, multi-scale of geological data.2. Discussing the modeling methods of geological body and geological field.This paper established 3D visualization modeling method of complex geological body such as stratum, rock and geological field such as density and magnetic density preliminarily. And detailedly discussed 3D modeling of multilayer interface, information extraction of geological field, simulating algorithm of geological entity and other key technologies. At the same time, achieved correlative algorithm, developed correlative programs, and validated the expressive capability and adaptability of M-S SVV model to complex geological body and geological field.3. Discussing 3D visualization technology of M-S SVV based on multi-scale cuboid.This paper constituted programmes of 3D visualization, and designed visualizing mode based on OpenGL.At the same time, put forward the method achieving 3D visualization of M-S SVV in the form of multi-scale cuboid in order to solve the problem about multi-scale spatial expression of geological data, and established mixed model of spatial regular grid and multi-scale cuboid so as to enhance 3D effects, through analyzing and studying all kinds of models.4. Developing the software of 3D modeling and visualization.The 3D modeling software and 3D visualization software were developed, which basically achieved the 3D modeling of complex geological bodies and geological field. The paper also studied the interactive spatial cutting, virtual drilling, and the analysis of geological layers.Finally, the method was used in the actual geological data, and the testing results showed the M-S SVV model had a good adaptability for the geologic data, meeting the demands of the M-S expression and analysis in geologic space well, supplied an effective way for the displaying and analyzing of the geologic data, even provided the basical services for the professional analysis and modeling of geology, geophysics and other disciplines.更多还原