【作者】 席文静；

【导师】 刘广孚；

【作者基本信息】 中国石油大学 ， 信号与信息处理， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 潜油电泵是目前国内外各大油田机械采油的主要设备之一,其可靠性和高效性是油田持续稳产高产的重要保证。潜油电泵机组的结构较为复杂,发生的许多故障都会引起机组的振动,因此可以通过对机组振动信号的分析,初步判断出相关故障。对潜油电泵试验井井口的振动信号进行采集和分析,提取了潜油电泵机组故障的振动信号特征,完成了某些故障的诊断。论文完成的主要工作包括:1.设计了一套基于数字信号处理器(DSP)和微机电系统(MEMS)加速度传感器的振动信号采集系统,以便对潜油电泵井井口的振动信号进行采集。并在采集系统中开发了通用串行总线(USB)主机功能,从而可以将采集到的数据直接以文本格式写入移动存储器中,实现了潜油电泵机组振动信号的便携式海量存储采集。2.探讨了旋转机械故障诊断中传统的信号分析方法,如时域分析、幅值分析、频域分析等,阐述了这些方法的基本原理、优缺点及其应用场合。3.研究了小波分析理论和小波变换在振动信号分析中的应用。小波分析属于时频分析的一种,具有多分辨分析的特点,克服了傅里叶变换的缺点。通过对潜油电泵机组的振动信号进行各种小波分析研究,可以实现对故障特征的提取。利用时域波形、功率谱、小波分解、小波包分解等多种方法对已测得的潜油电泵机组的多组振动信号数据进行了分析,经过分析对比和归纳总结,得到了潜油电泵机组轴窜动量过大和磨损这两种故障特征的提取方法,从而实现了这两种故障的诊断。实验证明,对潜油电泵试验井井口的振动信号分析,并从中提取故障特征信息是可行和有效的。本文的工作为潜油电泵机组故障诊断技术的研究提供了有益的思路。更多还原

【Abstract】 Electric submersible pump (ESP) unit is the main device to extract oil in the world .Its reliability and capability is important to assure the high yield of the oil field. The structure of ESP is relatively complex, and many faults of ESP will lead to vibration. Through analysis of the vibration signals of ESP, preliminary judgement of some faults can be concluded .By acquiring and analyzing wellhead vibration signals of ESP test wells, the fault feature of ESP’s vibration can be extracted,and some faults of ESP can be found out. The discussion covers:1. To detect the vibration of ESPs, a vibration signal acquisition system based on DSP (digital signal processor) and MEMS (Micro-electro-mechanical systems) acceleration sensor is designed to collect the ESP’s well-head vibration acceleration signals. The data acquisition system is developed to have the function of USB-Host, with which the vibration data can be written to files in mobile USB (universal serial bus) mass storage, thus achieving the portable and mass storage acquisition of ESP’s vibration signals.2. The conventional technology of vibration signals is discussed in rotating machinery fault diagnosis, such as time-domain analysis, amplitude analysis, frequency-domain analysis. The base principle, advantage and disadvantage of these methods are expatiated.3. Research on the wavelet analysis theory and wavelet transform in the vibration signal processing applications. Wavelet analysis is a kind of time-frequency analysis. Wavelet transform has the characteristic of multiresolution analysis and overcomes the limitations of Fourier transform. Wavelet analysis was applied to vibration signals of ESP in order to extract fault feature of ESP. A lot of methods, such as time-domain waveform, power spectrum, wavelet decomposition and wavelet packet decomposition and so on, were applied to analyze vibration data of ESP gathered in the experiment. After comparing, contrasting and summarizing, the extraction methods of shaft ran excessive and wear fault feature are obtained, and these faults are diagnosed.In conclusion, it is feasible and effective to extract fault feature of ESP, by analyzing vibration acceleration signals of ESP’s wellhead. And the works of the paper provide useful ideas for fault diagnosis technology of ESP.更多还原