【作者】 肖殿东；

【导师】 曲建俊；

【作者基本信息】 哈尔滨工业大学 ， 机械设计及理论， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 超声马达是一种借助摩擦传递弹性超声波振动以获得动力的新型驱动机构,摩擦材料是超声马达的关键技术之一。目前常用的摩擦材料为各向同性材料,根据超声马达的接触摩擦传动特点,其定子和转子界面不仅具有一定的接触变形,而且还应有较好的界面传力性能,因此设计各向异性摩擦材料,研究各向异性摩擦材料对超声马达性能的影响,对更好地揭示马达的驱动机理,开发适合超声马达的摩擦材料有重要的理论和现实意义。本文研究了以纤维增强基体树脂的各向异性材料,选择了4种纤维和3种树脂,通过纤维单向取向和复合取向改变复合材料的各向异性程度。设计了制备纤维复合取向板状摩擦材料的模具,研究了不同组分、用量和纤维取向对复合材料各向异性的影响,并研究了不同基体、不同增强纤维、混杂纤维和玻璃纤维复合取向复合材料的制备工艺,制备出不同EH/EV匹配的摩擦材料。研究了纤维取向对各向异性复合材料动态弹性模量和硬度的影响。利用M200摩擦磨损试验机研究了材料的摩擦系数和磨损率,利用金相显微镜对磨损表面进行了形貌分析,建立了不同纤维取向的摩擦磨损模型。结果表明,玻璃纤维N取向时材料摩擦磨损较大,P和AP取向时摩擦磨损较小。P和AP交织取向时摩擦磨损最小。填加二硫化钼使偶件表面形成连续而致密的转移膜,填加石墨使石墨颗粒在磨损表面发生涂抹形成自润滑薄膜,都能降低复合材料的摩擦磨损。利用模拟超声马达微驱动试验台研究了摩擦材料不同EH/EV匹配对超声马达使用性能的影响。结果表明,当摩擦材料的EH/EV值由0.71增大到1.42时,正压力和驱动力先增大后减小,比值约为1.24时,正压力和驱动力最大,驱动效果好。研究了二硫化钼和石墨改性的各向异性摩擦材料对超声马达使用性能的影响,得出填加二硫化钼和石墨正压力基本不变,两者都降低了驱动力。在相同质量百分比时二硫化钼改性后的摩擦材料的驱动效果比石墨改性的好,但石墨改性后材料的磨损率比二硫化钼改性后的低。更多还原

【Abstract】 Ultrasonic motor is a new kind of driving machine which obtains dynamic in virtue of use friction to transfer elastic ultrasonic vibration. Friction material is a key technique of ultrasonic motor. Common friction material is isotropic at the present time. According to the characteristics of the contact friction - transmission of ultrasonic motor drive, the interface of stator and rotor has not only some contact deformation but also good interface transmitting force performance, thereby the design of anisotropic friction material and the research of anisotropic friction material on the performance of ultrasonic motor is theoretical and practical important for better revealing the driving mechanism and the development of the suitable motor friction material.Fiber reinforced resin anisotropic material is mainly researched in this paper. 4 fibers and 3 resins are chosen to manufacture different anisotropic extent material by different fiber tropism and multiplex tropism. Plate mould is designed, and facture flows are studied of different element, dosage and fiber tropism to manufacture different EH/EV anisotropic material. Elastic modulus in fiber array direction and hardness are also researched. M200 is made use to research Friction and wear of anisotropic material and Metallography microscope is also used to analyze the wear surface. The result shows that friction coefficient and wear is high when fiberglass is N tropism compared with A and AP tropism, the P and AP multiplex tropism is lowest. Friction and wear of materials filled with supramoly and graphite decreases because of transfer film is formed on the wear surface filled with supramoly and self-friction film is formed on the wear surface filled with graphite.The ultrasonic micro-driving test bed is made use of to simulate the driving force and positive pressure of ultrasonic motor. Different EH/EV matches of the friction material on the performance of ultrasonic motor is also researched . The results show that when the EH/EV of friction material ranges from 0.71 to 1.42, the driving force and positive pressure would increase at first then decrease. The value of driving force and positive pressure would achieve maximum when the specific value is 1.24, also the effect of driving is best. The anisotropic friction materials filled with supramoly and graphite on the performance of ultrasonic motor is researched and the results show that the value of positive pressure remains basically unchanged and the value of positive pressure decreases. When the mass percents of two materials are the same, the driving effect of friction material filled with supramoly is better than that of friction material filled with graphite. but the wear rate of friction material filled with graphite is lower than that of friction material filled with supramoly.更多还原