【作者】 苏峰；

【导师】 吕伟新；

【作者基本信息】 哈尔滨工业大学 ， 机械电子工程， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 在高速在线检查、质量控制、机器/机器人视觉、实物仿型、自动加工等领域中,物体三维信息测量的应用日益重要。由于高分辨率、无破坏、数据获取速度快、精度较高、设备费用相对较低等优点,非接触的光学测量被公认为最有前途的三维测量方法。目前,三维测量的方法很多。激光三角测量方法由于系统结构简单,测量速度快,易于实时处理,被广泛采用。本文研究的就是基于线扫描的图像预处理系统,系统的主处理器为DSP。采用激光光源照射被测物体,使物体表面产生漫反射光点,利用三角测量原理检测三维信息。线阵图像数据被送给数字信号处理器(DSP),在DSP中完成光点中心位置的提取。在实际扫描过程中,由于环境、光源照度,以及被测量物体本身特点等因素的变化,采集到的光点图像并不是十分规则和理想,针对这种情况,本文提出了几种提取光点中心的方法,如极值法、重心法、改进的重心法等。本文设计并完成了DSP线阵图像预处理硬件系统和软件。硬件设计分为5部分:分别是数据信号采集部分、数据信号转化部分、DSP处理部分,电源管理部分和外接接口部分。根据实时性的要求,选用TMS320F2812芯片作为主处理器实现数字信号处理。考虑到USB接口的便携性和传输数据的高速性,选用其作为外设通信接口。软件算法方面,所设计的主程序和中断响应程序主要完成系统的初始化配置,中断取数,数据处理及传输数据等工作,为了增强软件的可读性和可移植性,采用C语言实现所有程序编写。该方案硬件简单,软件设计思路清晰,经过实际调试运行,能连续正常工作。更多还原

【Abstract】 In areas such as high-speed online inspection, quality control, machine / robot vision, physical profile, automatic processing, three-dimensional measurement has become increasingly important. Because of its high resolution, no sabotage, high speed of data acquisition, high precision, low-cost of equipment and other advantages, the non-contact optical measurement method is generally regarded as the most promising of method the three-dimensional measurement. Currently, there are many ways for the three-dimensional measurement. Laser triangulation has been widely used, for its simple system structure, high speed, and real-time processing capability.In this theory, Array image preprocessing leanes scanning based system with DSP was studied. Irradiating the measured object with laser, light-spot was appeared on the surface, and then imaged on CCD surface using triangulation principle. Then the linear array image data was transmitted to Digital Signal Processor (DSP), the center position of the light-spot was extracted in DSP. In the actual scanning process, the light-spot images are not very regular or ideal, because of the influence such as environment, lamp-house intensity and the object itself. To solve these problems,several light-spot center-point positioning methods were developed, for example, extremum method, centroid method, improved centroid method.The DSP Array image preprocessing hardware and software were designed and realised. Hardware design of this system was divided into five parts: the data signal acquisition, signal data conversion, DSP digital signal processing, power management, and external interface. According to the requirements of real-time, the TMS320F2812 processor chip is chosed as the main processor to realize digital signal processing unit. USB interface was selected as peripheral communication interface, considering its portability and high-speed transmission. In software algorithms, the main programming and interrupt-response online were developed to complete task such as initial-configuration of system, interrupt, data selecting,data processing and transmission of data. In order to enhance the readability and portability of the software, all programs were designed in C language.After debug and actual operation, the system is simple in hardware and the software is designed with clear structure.The system is proved to be able to work continuously.更多还原