【作者】 汪京；

【导师】 龙夫年；

【作者基本信息】 哈尔滨工业大学 ， 光学工程， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 星敏感器是一种高精度的姿态测量仪器。具有自主导航能力的新一代星敏感器的显著特点是视场大,精度高,体积、质量、功耗不断减小。大相对孔径、宽光谱范围的光学系统已成为目前发展的趋势。本论文以新一代星敏感器为研究背景,以宽谱段、小视场、大相对孔径为研究对象,主要对星敏感器的光学系统部分进行了研究。本文首先分析了星敏感器在国际、国内的发展趋势,并从星敏感器光学系统的特点出发,根据课题要求着重对摄远系统进行了研究。由于谱段较宽,色差难以校正,因此重点分析了光学系统的复消色差、玻璃材料的选择以及像差校正等特点,并初步选定了有利于消色差的光学材料。根据技术指标要求,使用CODE V软件确定了光学系统的结构型式。其次,在确定了系统结构方案后,结合复消色差的设计方法分析了摄远系统前后透镜组的各级像差,在优化设计过程中确定了各光学元件的具体材料。利用多种成像质量指标对所设计的光学系统成像质量进行了评价。在确定系统结构之后,为了给系统的加工及装调提供依据,对系统进行了公差分配。为了使公差更加合理,采用离焦的方式对系统分配后的公差进行补偿,并作了误差分析。最后,为了抑制进入光学系统的杂散光,有效地避免非目标光对系统成像质量的影响,用LightTools软件设计了光学系统的遮光罩,并在达到了消光要求的基础上,通过改变遮光罩的结构论证了实现轻量化的可行性。此外,为了减小空间环境的影响,设计出了镜筒,以完善系统结构。更多还原

【Abstract】 Star sensor is a high precision instrument used for orientation measurement. Wide field, high precision, small volume and mass, less power consumption are distinct characters of new generation star sensor, which has self-navigation capability. Smaller F# and wider spectral coverage of optics of star sensor are the trends of development. Based on the background of new generation star sensor and research subject of wide spectral band, narrow field of view and small F#, we studied the optical system of star sensor.Firstly, trend in development of star sensor was analyzed. In order to fulfill the task, characters of optical system in star sensor, especially telephoto system is discussed according to qualification. Characters of apochromatism, glass materials and correction of aberrations are analyzed. Primary materials of optical elements are chose in favor of correcting chromatic aberration. According to specifications requirements, optical system structure is selected.Secondly, after designing of optical system scheme, a lot of aberrations coming from the front and rear parts of system are analyzed according to the method of apochromatism. Image quality of telephoto system is evaluated by several kinds of merits figure. For the sake of supplying technical measurement, system tolerance is allocated. To make tolerance more rational, using through focus we compensated tolerance and analyzed errors.Finally, different kinds of baffles are designed using LightTools for restraining stray light and effectively avoiding non-objective effect on image quality of optical system. The possibility of light weight is argumented by changing structures of baffles whose requirement of extinction is satisfied. Furthermore, cylinders of lenses are designed to reduce the influence of space environment and perfect the total structure.更多还原