【作者】 史鑫源；

【导师】 张宝杰；

【作者基本信息】 哈尔滨工业大学 ， 环境科学与工程， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 持久性有机污染由于其具有毒性、生物蓄积性和半挥发性,在环境中持久存在,并对人类健康和环境造成严重危害的特性,受到越来越多的关注。本文采用液-液萃取和GC-MS仪器分析的方法,着重研究持久性有机污染物中的多氯联苯(PCBs, Polychlorinated Biphenyls)、多环芳烃(PAHs, Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons)、有机氯农药(OCPs, Organochlorine Pesticides)和多溴联苯醚(PBDEs, Polybrominated diphenyl ethers)在松花江黑龙江段水体及哈尔滨市水体中的污染现状和组成及其在河流中的分布,并追溯其可能的污染来源。该工作是第一次对松花江黑龙江段水体及哈尔滨市水体中的POPs进行系统地研究。本文首先对水中目标物质的预处理和检测方法进行了优化,最终采用液-液萃取、硅胶柱净化和GC-MS检测的方法,得到了较为满意的结果,各目标物质的方法检出限分别为: PCBs 0.11~0.48ng/L ; PAHs 0.43 ~1.61ng/L;OCPs 0.03~0.37ng/L。该方法可以满足水中痕量物质的检测与分析。对水体中PCBs的含量和组成进行分析,黑龙江段松花江水体中PCBs总浓度范围为0.26~3.96ng/L ,哈尔滨市PCBs的总浓度范围为0.8 ~178ng/L,水体中主要以二氯联苯、三氯联苯和四氯联苯为主。初步分析哈尔滨市水体中的PCBs主要来源于变压器油的污染。对水体中PAHs的含量和组成进行分析,黑龙江段松花江水体中PAHs总浓度范围为118~238ng/L,哈尔滨市水体中PAHs总浓度范围为164 ~5500ng/L。水体中主要以低环数(≤3环) PAHs占主导地位。初步分析所研究水体中PAHs污染物主要来源于矿物燃料高温燃烧和汽车排放物。目前本文仅对OCPs中的六六六进行了分析,黑龙江段松花江水体六六六总浓度范围为2.15~11.2ng/L,哈尔滨市水体中六六六的总浓度范围为4.7 ~50ng/L,水体中的六六六主要为β-HCH。初步分析所研究水体中的六六六主要来自历史残留。对哈尔滨市水体中PBDEs进行了初步的研究和分析,PBDEs的总浓度范围为0.04~5.0ng/L,哈尔滨市水体中多溴联苯醚主要为三溴联苯醚、四溴联苯醚和五溴联苯醚。初步分析哈尔滨市水体中多溴联苯醚主要来源于五溴联苯醚工业用品及少量八溴联苯醚工业用品,而水体中十溴联苯醚工业用品的污染较少。更多还原

【Abstract】 The environmtal chemistry and ecotoxicology of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are a fascinating area in scientific research. POPs are persistent in both abiota and biota environments, toxic, and can be accumulated in food-chains. The objectives of this work are to monitore contamination levels of Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs), Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs), Organochlorine Pesticides (OCPs), and Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in water of Songhua River, to investigate the spatial distributions of these chemicals in the river, and to study the possible sources of these POPs found in water of Songhua River. This work has conducted a systematic research on POPs for the first time in this river.The method of liquid/liquid has been adopted for extraction and GC/MS has been used for analysis of POPs in extracts. Optimize the method for extraction and analysis. Liquid/liquid method for extraction, silica gel column for cleanup, GC/MS was used to analyze the samples. The determination limits of the methods for PCBs, PAHs and OCPs are 0.11~0.48ng/L, 0.43~1.61ng/L and 0.03~0.37ng/L, respectively, which is available for detecting trace materials.Total PCBs in the Songhua River of Heilongjiang Province is 0.26 ~3.96ng/L, and the total PCBs in the Songhua River of Harbin is 0.8~178ng/L, in water congeners of PCBs from 2 to 4 chlorines atoms are in the majority. The PCBs in the Songhua River of Harbin may origin from China produced one types of PCB, that is #1 PCB.Total PAHs in the Songhua River of Heilongjiang Province is 118~238ng/L, and the total PAHs in the Songhua River of Harbin is 164~5500ng/L, in water the PAHs dominating congeners is low cyclic compounds. The PAHs in the water may come from mineral burning and autocars.Total OCPs in the Songhua River of Heilongjiang Province is 2.15 ~11.2ng/L, and the total OCPs in the Songhua River of Harbin is 4.7~50ng/L,β-HCH is in the highest flight among HCHs. Former usage of HCHs is the source of HCHs in the water.Total PBDEs in the Songhua River of Harbin is 0.04~5.0ng/L, with high percentages of low-molecular-weights (LMW) PBDEs. The PBDEs in the water are mainly be derived from the PeBDE and OcBDE.更多还原