【作者】 张健宝；

【导师】 柳砚涛；

【作者基本信息】 山东大学 ， 宪法学与行政法学， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 行政行为的效力理论是大陆法系行政法上的重大理论问题,在各国行政行为法的研究中始终处于中心地位,是行政行为的生命。本文研究的目的在于弥补我国理论界长期以来对行政行为效力问题不够深入、系统的缺憾。在对相关概念进行界定和指出行政行为效力的社会基础发生重大变革的基础之上,对现有的效力体系的研究方法、具体内容进行客观的评价,指出其缺陷,进而用新的研究方法对行政行为效力体系进行重构,以期尽力把握行政行为效力的真义,推动我国行政审判、行政执法活动的实践和行政程序法的研究。本文共分为四个部分,各部分的内容提要如下:第一部分:行政行为效力绪论。这一部分主要涉及行政行为、行政行为效力的界定,不同国家和地区在行政行为效力的具体内容方面所形成的学说。限定并明确了本文的研究范围,为行政行为效力的重构奠定了基础。第二部分:效力体系重构的社会必要性。这一部分主要介绍了行政行为效力体系的社会基础由秩序行政走向服务行政,不同社会基础对行政行为效力的影响。指出我国现实社会正由秩序行政向服务行政转变,社会基础的变革必然带来行政行为效力体系的改变,有必要在理论上对效力体系进行重构。第三部分:现有理论评析。这一部分首先分析了我国现有通说研究方法方面存在的问题:概念分析方法的难题、时间点把握的不足、服务行政下过程重于结果、缺乏与其他学科的交流与学习。然后又评价了现有通说在内容方面存在的问题,指出由于公定力在主要理论依据方面的缺失、公定力的理论存在实定法上的空白、行政行为的其他效力与公定力的存在并无关联、公定力理论构建的自身不完整性、公定力理论违反社会主义法治理念,我们应当摒弃公定力理论;为了避免理论上的混淆和内容上的重叠,我们有必要对确定力和拘束力加以变革。第四部分:行政行为效力体系的重构。这一部分首先提出了行政行为效力体系重构的方法——行政行为过程论的取代,指出应当用动态论方法、整体论方法和阶段论方法对行政行为的效力体系进行重构。然后着重说明了重构后行政行为效力的内容:存续力、构成要件效力和执行力。存续力包括形式存续力和实质存续力,其主要是约束行政主体和行政相对人,防止行政行为的随意变更、撤销和废止;构成要件效力是约束出行政主体和行政相对人以外的其他机关、法院和第三人的法律效力;执行力是使行政行为的目的或内容得以实现的法律效力。其中,存续力是行政行为效力的核心,是构成要件效力和执行力的前提和基础,它们三个构成完整的行政行为效力。对于行政行为效力体系的其他问题,如行政行为效力的形态等,理论界几乎没有分歧,本文就没有加以论述。更多还原

【Abstract】 The force theory of administrative action is the major theoretical problem at the administrative law of civil law system, having always been at the centre position on the study of administrative action and is the life of administrative action. The purpose of this paper is to make up for the deficiencies on the issue of the force problem at China’s theoretical circles for a long time. On the basis of defining the related concept and pointing out that the social foundation of administrative action force has made a major change, I give an objective evaluation to the research methods and the specific contents of the existing force system, point out its shortcomings, and then carry on restructuring with the new research technique to the administrative action force system, in order to grasp the real righteousness of the administrative action force with every effort, promote our country’s administration trial, the administration enforcement activity practice and the administrative procedural law research.This paper altogether is divided into four parts. Content summary of various part is as follows:The first part: introduction of administrative action force. This part mainly involves the limits of the administrative action, the administrative action force and the theories which form in the administrative action force’s actual content aspect in different countries and areas. Define and have been clear about this article’s range of study, and have laid the foundation for the reconfiguration of the force system of administrative actionThe second part: the social necessity for the reconfiguration of the force system. This part mainly introduced that the administrative action force system’s social basis moves toward the service administration by the order administration, the influence of different social basis to administrative action force . Point out that our country realistic society is transforming from the order administration to service administration, social basis’s transformation brings the administrative action force system’s change inevitably, so it is necessary to carry on restructuring theoretically to the force system.The third part: the evaluation of existing theory. This part first analyzes the question which exists at the research technique aspect in the existing logically coherent argument of our country: difficult problems of conceptual analysis method, insufficiency of the time assurance, the process again the result under the service administration, lacks on the exchange with other discipline. Then appraise the question which exists in the content aspect of the existing logically coherent argument, point out that the flaw at main theory basis aspect of presume-legal validity, the blank exists in the law, administrative action’s other force have no existence and independence with presume-legal validity, own imperfection of presume-legal validity, presume-legal validity violates the socialism government by law idea, so we should abandon the presume-legal validity theory. We have the necessity transform to the validity of invariableness and the validity of restriction in order to avoid the confusion and the content in theoretically overlaps.The fourth part: The reconfiguration of the force system of administrative action. This part first proposes the method to the reconfiguration of the force system of administrative action displaced Administrative action process theory. Point out that we should carry on restructuring to the force system of administrative action with the method of tendency discussion, the method of whole discussion, and the method of stage discussion. Then emphasize the content of administrative action force :the validity of continuation, the validity of constitution ,the validity of fulfillment. The validity of continuation includes the form and the essence validity of continuation, is mainly restrains the administrative body and the administrative relative person, prevents them from changing, cancelling and abolishing the administrative action optionally. The validity of constitution restraints other institutions, court and the third person except the administrative body and the administrative relative person. The validity of fulfillment is the validity which carries out the goal or the content of the administrative action. And the validity of continuation is the core of the administrative action force, is the premise and foundation of the validity of constitution and the validity of fulfillment. Their three constitution complete the force of administrative action. Regarding other questions of administrative action force system, the shape of administrative action force and so on, the theorists do not have the difference nearly, so this article has not performed to elaborate.更多还原