【作者】 马燕；

【导师】 夏超英；

【作者基本信息】 天津大学 ， 控制理论与控制工程， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 随着能源、环保等问题的日益突出,电动汽车成为近年来发展迅速的一种新型汽车,充电设备是电动汽车可靠运行的保证,如何高效、低损、快速地充电对电动汽车的应用和发展具有重大意义。本文介绍了一种智能充电器,它采用半桥电路作为主回路,MCS-51单片机控制用户操作面板,DSP控制充电过程,液晶屏幕显示电池参数、充电状态及故障报警等信息,可对多种动力电池进行手动或者自动充电。在总结几种主要动力电池的充电流程的基础上,重点研究了镍氢电池的快速充电,提出了电流分级充电法,以Δv /Δt为电流切换标志,以拐点法为充电停止标志,以小电流充放电作为间歇方式,并通过实验检验了充电效果。进行了基于MCS-51单片机的面板部分的开发,包括功能设计、操作流程设计和软硬件设计,基于DSP的充电控制器设计包括采样、通信、故障检测、控制程序等。为增强系统的可靠性,在硬件和软件设计上分别提出了抗干扰措施。针对镍氢电池的快速充电方法,提出了采用半桥式DC/DC变换器的主回路设计方案,使用两种开关方式实现大电流放电和小电流充放电间歇去极化,对电路中的重要元件——电感和电容的取值进行了设计。此充电器的智能性主要体现在:适用于多种动力电池,实时采集电池信息,可与电池管理系统通信以获取电池细节信息,自动保存最近设置的参数便于批量电池充电,可由经验人员输入数据表格以备使用,自动检测故障做出提示等,可以实现对电池的有效充电、修复和保护。更多还原

【Abstract】 Electric Vehicle (EV) has become a kind of fast-developing vehicle in recent years as the problems of energy and environment are becoming increasingly serious. Charging facility is one of the most important parts of EV. It is significant to develop an efficient, low-consumption and rapid strategy for the application and development of EV.In this paper, an intelligent charger is introduced, which adopts half-bridge DC/DC as main charging circuit, MCS-51 single chip as controller of the panel and digital signal processor (DSP) as controller of charging procedure. During the charging process, the battery parameters, charging state and faults information could be displayed on the LCD. Both manual and automatic modes could be applied to three kinds of power batteries.After summarizing the charging strategy of mainly used power batteries, the rapid charging scheme for Nickel-Metal Hydride battery (Ni-MH) is studied. A novel charging method is proposed, which uses graded charging current, and takesΔv /Δt, voltage curve inflexion, small current charging-discharging as sign of switching current grade, terminating condition and intermission mode, respectively.The panel design based on MCS-51 is described in detail, including function design, operating instruction, hardware and software design. The charging controller design based on DSP includes sampling, communicating, faults detecting and control programs. A few software and hardware anti-jamming measures are used to enhance the reliability of the system.As for the rapid charging method of Ni-MH battery, a circuit topology with DC/DC converter is proposed, which uses large current discharging pulse and small current charging-discharging in order to depolarize. The value selection of inductance and capacitor is analyzed.The intelligence of this charger can be described as follows: different batteries application, battery information sampling, battery manage system communication for details, recent parameters saving for batch charging, experienced data acceptance and automatic failure detection. It could realize the function of efficient charging, mending and protecting for battery.更多还原