【作者】 唐春晓；

【导师】 李恩邦；

【作者基本信息】 天津大学 ， 物理电子学， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 挠度或位移的测量可以用传统方法也可以使用光学手段。相比而言光学方法具有以下几个优点:非接触、高精度、快速反应并且更为精确。本文描述了一种能够测量远距离物体的挠度或者位移的测量系统。其基本原理为:采用激光水准仪作为光源,激光光束首先经过校准,然后聚焦在固定于被测物体上的测量系统上来实现远距离精确测量。激光光源和测量系统之间的相对位移反应出了物体的挠度或者位移。测量系统分为两个部分:一、无线通信发射机,由传感器、单片机系统和无线数字通信系统组成;二、无线通信接收机,由无线数字通信系统、数据处理系统和显示控制系统组成。软件部分包括线阵CCD数据采集程序、单片机系统扩展数据存储器存取程序、无线数字通信的实现、位移挠度测量数据的处理和显示等。测量系统最主要的创新点在于将远距离无线数字通信应用到光电检测系统中以提高信号传输的稳定性、安全性,避免远距离信号线布线的麻烦,提高系统的实用性。测量系统还使用单片机和8位数码管结合的方式进行数据计算和显示,为仪器的小型化和简单化打下基础。由于该测量系统在具有高精度、高准确度的特点同时结构简单、成本低廉,可以预期将有良好的应用前景。本文详细介绍了测量系统的结构、工作原理、硬件设计和软件开发,给出了重要部分的电路图和程序流程图。在20米的距离上通过实验验证了系统的测量效果,得出了系统的性能参数:系统测量频率29Hz,适于测量静态挠度和位移;通过对多个位移值的重复测量,系统绝对误差值小于±0.07mm,测量标准差小于0.05mm;通过4小时连续测量对同一点测量系统标准差为0.0134mm。同时在实践的基础上针对系统的测量频率及测量精度的提高提出了改进意见。更多还原

【Abstract】 Displacement can be measured by traditional mechanical methods and optical means. Optical displacement measuring systems have the advantages of nor-contact, high resolution, fast response, and more importantly being remote. We describe in this paper a laser-based displacement measuring system, which can detect displacement or deflection of an object in a long distance. In order to achieve a remote measurement, the laser beam is first collimated, and directed to the detector array, which is attached to the object to be measured. The relative movement between the laser source and the detector will provide a measure to the displacement or deflection of the object. The system consists of a laser source and a linear detector system. And the linear detector system include two parts, one part is measuring transmitter which consists a detector, a MCU system and a wireless transmission module, the other one is data receiving system which consists a wireless transmission module, a data processing system, a module used to display and control. The software consists of linear CCD data collection, memorizer management, wireless digital communication, measurement data processing and data display.The most important feature of the system is the using of long distance wireless digital signal and data transmission which increases the stability and practicability of the system. MCU and LED have also been investigated, which makes the system more convenient and small. The features of the current displacement measuring system include high resolution and accuracy while still keeping a relatively simple structure and a low cost. Due to its features, perspective of its appreciation should be wide.Experimental results are presented and the structure, working principle, hardware and software design are also introduced in detail. The measurement effect is proved by experiment. The measuring of the system is 29Hz. The error of the system is between -0.07mm to 0.07mm and the standard error is less than 0.05mm. Simultaneity, the method in order to improve the measuring frequency and precision of the system is also introduced.更多还原