【作者】 杨友涛；

【导师】 刘成龙；

【作者基本信息】 西南交通大学 ， 大地测量学与测量工程， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 传统控制网布网、测量和数据处理方法,是把确定点的空间位置三维问题分成平面位置二维问题和高程位置一维问题,这种方法存在着理论上的缺陷和局限性。水平方向、天顶距和斜距等观测量所体现的是控制点之间空间位置的几何关系,而点的空间位置是由平面位置和高程位置共同构成的一个三维整体,因而体现整体关系的观测数据也具有完整性和统一性,把它们分开进行一、二维数据处理,带有某种近似性,理论上不严密。工程三维控制网平差具有一、二维分开平差所不可比拟的优点和长处,因此本文针对工程三维控制网平差方法进行了系统的研究。论文首先推导了工程三维控制网中最原始观测量(水平方向、天顶距和斜距)的误差方程式,以及附加垂线偏差分量和大气折光未知参数的最原始观测量误差方程式;其次,研究了不同类观测量的定权方法,并对工程三维控制网中的多类观测量进行赫尔默特方差分量估计,以合理确定观测量的权比;再次,对影响工程三维控制网精度的大气折光和垂线偏差等问题进行了研究;接着,在推导了工程三维控制网整体平差数学模型的基础上,编制了工程三维控制网的严密平差程序,并用实验数据对上述三维平差研究的内容进行了验证;最后探讨了工程三维控制网测量和整体平差方法在高边坡三维变形监测方面的应用情况。通过对三维控制网平差理论的研究、平差程序的编制以及实验控制网数据的验证,说明工程三维控制网可以在实际生产中应用,特别在山区变形监测方面有很大应用前景。更多还原

【Abstract】 In the traditional progress of layout, measuring and data-processing of control network, the three-dimensional spatial position is separated into two parts, two-dimensional plane position and elevation. This method is something unreasonable in theory. The observations, such as horizontal direction, zenith angle and slope distance show the geometric relationship among the control points. And the spatial position is a three-dimensional integrity composed by plane position and elevation. So the observations also have the unity. It will be imprecise to separate the observations into two-dimensional plus one-dimensional data-processing. Three-dimensional control network adjustment is superior to the separate adjustment of plane position and elevation. This thesis studied on three-dimensional control network adjustment in engineering survey.Firstly, observation equations were derived from the raw data of three-dimensional engineering control network. Secondly, the methods of weight-matrix determination of different observations were studied and the weight-matrix of three-dimensional control network was determined using Helmert variance component estimation. Then the effect of vertical deflection and astronomical refraction on the precision for three-dimensional control network was studied. Thirdly, a program of three-dimensional control network adjustment is work out. Finally, the thesis discussed the application of three-dimensional control network measuring and adjustment in three-dimensional deformation monitoring of side slope.Based on the study of three-dimensional control network adjustment, the corresponding programming and the verification with experimental data, three-dimensional control network can be used in engineering survey, especially in deformation monitoring of mountain area.更多还原