【作者】 陈丽丽；

【导师】 闫兵；

【作者基本信息】 西南交通大学 ， 动力机械及工程， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 随着经济和社会的发展,铁路作为一项重要的交通工具担负着客运和货运两大重要运输任务,成为国民经济的大动脉。经过铁路的六次提速,我国的铁路交通事业正在进行“质”的飞跃,然而随之产生的铁路噪声对客运站等环境的污染也越来越严重,因此受到各方关注。本文首先对国内一系列不同布局形式的典型大型客运站铁路噪声进行实测调查。典型客运站分别是线侧式布局的南京火车站、成都火车北站,线上式布局的上海铁路新客站、北京西客站、沈阳北站、郑州火车站,尽头式布局的重庆火车站。根据测试数据的处理结果可以了解我国铁路客运站噪声现状,并在此基础上参照现有的国内外相关噪声评价体系,提出适合我国铁路运输情况的客运站噪声评价参考限值建议。其次,分析了客运站各区域噪声源的组成及其特性。采用专门编制的计算分析软件对各噪声源特性进行分析,选取的区域主要包括铁路客运站的站台、候车室、售票厅和广场等。根据噪声特性的复杂程度,主要以站台噪声的分析为主。具体分析内容包括:噪声时域特性、频域特性、声级时程特性以及各种噪声所占的时间比例,各种噪声源对总声级的贡献等。上述工作可为降噪设计及噪声预测提供较为充实的实测声学资料。在了解铁路噪声组成和特性的基础上,参考国内外铁路线路噪声预测公式,根据我国现有铁路状况建立适合国情的铁路客运站站台预测基本计算式。以南京站为例,进行了铁路客运站站台噪声预测,预测结果与实测结果相差仅为1.075dBA,能够满足工程需要。所建立的客运站站台预测基本计算式具有较好的工程实用价值。最后总结了目前有效的降噪措施及其降噪效果。并且利用德国的Ecotect建筑分析软件,针对铁路客运站建筑的统计声学特性进行初步研究。对典型客运站的站台和候车室分别建立模型,以计算室内声学特性的主要评价指标——混响时间RT。分析了建筑的吸声面积和吸声材料等因素对混响时间的影响,可为经济合理地进行铁路客运站建筑声学设计提供参考。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the social and economic development, the railway system that serves both passenger and freight transportation plays an important role for the booming of national economy. After speeding up for six times, the railway transportation in our country has been changed dramatically. However, the noise pollution caused by high-speed railway lines has become increasingly severe, thus more and more attentions have been drawn from all over the world.Firstly, in this paper, the railway noise has been tested and investigated in large domestic railway stations, of which the layout differs: Nanjing railway station and Chengdu railway station are of line-side type; Shanghai new railway station, Beijing west railway station, Shengyang railway station and Zhengzhou railway station are of over-line type; Chongqing railway station is of end type. Present status of the noise level in railway stations can be revealed by test result, moreover, noise evaluation criterion for the situation of domestic railway transportation has been proposed with the reference of existing correlative foreign and domestic noise evaluation system.Secondly, the contents and characteristics of the noise source from different zones in the railway stations have been analyzed using special computation&analysis program, the chosen zones includes platform, waiting room, ticket office and square, the noise from the platform has been analyzed dominantly, because of its complexity and representation. The analysis processes are composed of time-domain analysis, frequency-domain analysis, octave characteristic of sound level, tiame-domain characteristic of sound level, the time proportion of each noise component and the contribution to the total noise level of each nboise source.According to the present railway situation and on the basis of the understanding of the component and the characteristic of railway noise, a railway noise prediction model has been established. By taking Nanjing railway station as an example,noise prediction was made for the platform of passenger railway station. The prediction result is close to the test result by 1.075dBA or so, which indicates the appropriate satisfaction for practical engineering.In the end of this research presently effective measures for noise reduction have been listed, and primary research in the acoustic characteristic of the buildings of a railway station has been carried out, using Ecotect which is a German building analysis software. Firstly, models of the platform and the waiting room were established and reverberation time for short RT which is the main evaluation criterion of indoor acoustic characteristic was calculated; then the influence that the sound absorption area of the building indoor walls and the sound absorbing material on the RT was analyzed. Noise control for the waiting room and the ticket office has been studied with the combination of the current technology, so as to improve the acoustic environment in railway stations and quality of life.更多还原