基于组件GIS的地质、地球物理空间数据叠置处理

【作者】 祝尉洪；

【导师】 高锐；

【作者基本信息】 中国地质科学院 ， 固体地球物理， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 当今地质与地球物理研究具有复杂性、系统性、综合性强、数据来源广等特点。为了更清晰的认识研究区域的地质、地球物理背景,突出反映该区域地貌高程、断裂、地层等地质特征及重力场、磁场分布等地球物理特征,构建该区域的三维场景,本文运用主流的、面向对象的组件GIS技术—ArcObjects组件库,并结合TeeChart图表控件,在Visual Basic6.0开发环境下进行GIS软件的定制与二次开发,开发了GIS桌面应用软件,实现了融合、叠置处理地质、地球物理及基础地理空间数据。软件实现了从多图层(矢量、栅格图层)提取信息重组成新的空间信息并绘制各类二维剖面、三维曲面的创新;实现了地图初步编辑、信息可视化、三维场景模拟等新功能。提高了地质、地球物理研究工作的效率和可视化程度,为地质、地球物理研究领域的前期工作提供参考数据和决策支持。利用ArcObjects组件库提供的各功能接口,提高了通用GIS软件同时处理多类数据的能力,反映了GIS应用软件向多源、多类别综合数据处理方向发展的趋势。软件以图层为基础,叠置DEM、断裂带、地层、重力场、磁场及基础地理信息数据,实现了以下主要功能:1)实现地图的初步编辑、光照渲染,并叠加DEM、断裂带、地层及基础地理信息图层,输出具有立体地貌高程效果的地图;2)绘制单(多)纵坐标的高程、重磁地质构造叠加剖面。该剖面绘制了沿测线方向的高程、重力场、磁场变化曲线,描述了测线所经过的断裂带、地层区域及属性信息;3)绘制了研究区域的高程、重力场、磁场的三维变化曲面,实现高程、重力场、磁场数据叠加三维模拟;4)实现了研究区域的三维场景的构建。该场景包括地形模拟、断裂带分布、地层分布、测线及城镇、交通干线、河流等基础地理信息。本文借助ArcObjects组件库提供的二次开发接口,阐述了软件的开发与应用过程,并最终通过在安徽庐枞矿集区二维反射地震方法实验项目、台湾海峡地震活动性与深部构造研究中的实际应用说明以ArcObjects组件为基础的GIS软件开发框架流程及应用效果。该软件为将来进一步开发基于OpenGL的综合地学数据融合处理三维GIS软件提供了参考,同时也为其他GIS地学应用软件的开发,提供有效的借鉴。更多还原

【Abstract】 Nowadays,geological and geophysical research work is becoming to have some characteristics as complexity,systematization,strong combination,multi data source and so on. In order to get exactly good geological, geophysical information from study region to display elevation, faults, strata as geological characteristics,display gravity, magnetic field as geophysical characteristics,in order to construct 3D scene,we take use of main stream target-oriented component GIS-ArcObjects components and TeeChart chart control to customize GIS desktop software in Visual Basic6.0 environment, which combines geological, geophysical data with basic geographic spatial data and extract new information from many layers(Raster layers and feature layers) to rebuild new spatial data. With the new spatial data, the software could draw various 2D profiles and 3D surface as innovation. It supports some new functions as simple edit, information view, 3D scene simulation and so on, and provides convenient effective reference and design & decision supportting to researcher, thus raising the degree of visualization and efficiency of research. Working with ArcObjects components, It also reinforces common GIS software to work with different tyies of data at one time. Which reflects new trend that future GIS softwares should need to manage and analyse spatial data with different tyies and source. The GIS software bases on layer to overlay DEM with faults, strata, gravity, magnetic field layers and basic geographic information layers. It contains main tasks as below: 1) Simply edit map. Light map. Draw 3D results of overlays of DEM, faults, strata and basic geographic information data. 2) Draw 2D profile containing multi-vertical ordinates, change curves of elevation, gravity, magnetic field and information about faults, strata. 3) Overlay DEM with gravity and magnetic field layer to draw change surface of elevation,gravity and magnetic field for constructing 3D simulation of elevation, gravity, magnetic field. 4) Construct 3D scene of study region. The scene could contain topographic simulation, distribution of faults and strata, survey sections, cities, traffic arteries, rivers, other basic geographic information and so on. This paper illustrates customization flow and application of GIS software with ArcObjects component interfaces and demonstrates the GIS software exploitation frame and results of application by applying the GIS software to project of testing method for 2D seismic reflection in Luzong region,the seismic activity and deep structure in Taiwan strait. Customized GIS software successfully to offer a reference for making 3D GIS software which bases on OpenGL and works well with confluent various data. It also makes a good example for customizing other GIS software.更多还原